MAPS OF HISTORY · ON THIS DAY · March 13 · 1938
ON THIS DAY · 13 MARCH 1938
The Anschluss
12–13 Mar 1938 — German troops cross into Austria to cheering crowds; Vienna’s Jews are scrubbing pavements within days. A country vanishes from the map without a shot.
THE MOMENT IN CONTEXT
German troops entered Austria in March 1938, and the country was annexed to the Reich. Public celebration went hand in hand with immediate persecution, above all of Austria’s Jews. The annexation also reshaped the map, placing German territory on three sides of Czechoslovakia and leaving the democracy that France was pledged to defend nearly surrounded.
From Chapter 7 — Anschluss and Munich: Appeasement at Full Stretch of The Road to War, 1931–1941 (1938).
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TEACH THIS IN 5 MINUTES
- Why it happened — The bomber, the trenches and 1914. Appeasement was not mere cowardice; it was a theory of the world held by serious men with terrible memories. The guiding nightmares: another 1914,…
- The turn — Munich, 29–30 September 1938. Munich is the word every later generation reaches for when it debates concession, which is precisely why it needs careful handling. The turn is…
- What it changed — Czechoslovakia is disarmed for its conquerors. The Wehrmacht that rolled into Prague in March 1939 (Ch. 8) — and into France in 1940 — did so partly on Czech steel: a third of the German army’s…
Then ask the room: Was Munich a betrayal, a blunder, or the best of the bad options available to Chamberlain in September 1938? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
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