ON THIS DAY ·
Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets
25–27 Oct 1917 — As the Bolsheviks present the coup as an accomplished fact, the Mensheviks and Right SRs walk out in protest — leaving the hall, and the revolution, to Lenin. Trotsky consigns them to “the dustbin of history.”
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The moment in context
The seizure of power in October looked less like a storming than a quiet occupation of the machinery of a modern state. Trotsky, chairing the Petrograd Soviet, built a Military Revolutionary Committee that won over the garrison’s key units and then took control of the bridges, telegraph, railway stations, banks and power stations on which the government depended. The Winter Palace fell through scattered entry and arrest rather than the heroic mass assault of later films, Kerensky had already fled, and few people were prepared to fight for his government. Power in 1917 had become so hollow that a determined committee with a few thousand armed men could lift it off the floor.
From October Revolution, chapter 6 of The Russian Revolution, 1855–1924 (NOV 1917).
The place: Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets — map and full story →
Teach this in 5 minutes
- Why it happened — Organization beats numbers. The Bolsheviks were never a majority of Russians, but in October they were the best-organized force in the two cities that ran the state, with a…
- The turn — The Winter Palace, night of 25 October/7 November 1917. The reality against the myth. There was no heroic storm. A few casualties, doors found open, a government arrested at a table. But the modesty of…
- What it changed — “Soviet power” — and the decrees that bought it. The first acts were the Decree on Peace (an immediate armistice) and the Decree on Land (abolishing gentry property, ratifying the peasant…
Then ask the room: Was October a popular revolution or a coup — and does the distinction actually matter? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
The atlas that shows it
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