The Age of Restoration

CHAPTER 11 · 1815–1847 · The Age of Revolutions, 1775–1848

For a generation after Waterloo, Europe is governed by an idea with an army: that 1789 must never happen again. Metternich’s Concert polices it by congress — and the map shows the method. When one student murders one playwright, the Carlsbad Decrees (1819) put censors and inspectors over every German university and newspaper. When Spain’s army — mutinying rather than sail against America (Chapter 10) — forces the liberal Cádiz constitution on Ferdinand in 1820, the Concert at Verona commissions France to invade: the charcoal arrow is the “100,000 Sons of Saint Louis” restoring absolutism at ba

The turn: Paris, 27–29 July 1830.

This chapter is one scene of an interactive atlas: the map repaints as the dates advance, campaigns draw themselves, and every chapter argues its causes and consequences — then a field exam asks you to prove it on the map.