Feminism and the Tunisian Revolution quiz: 8 questions

Howard Smith, a segregationist who had also long backed the ERA, proposed the amendment on 8 February 1964. Martha Griffiths and others made sure it survived. NOW was founded two years later to make the EEOC enforce it.

The statement described “interlocking” oppressions and coined the phrase “identity politics”. The idea was later named intersectionality, and it challenged a mainstream that treated sex as the only axis of women’s oppression.

Amendments need two-thirds of both houses of Congress and three-quarters of the states. In 1982 that meant 38 of 50, so opponents had to hold only 13 states, and they held 15.

A signature creates no legal obligation until ratification. The United States signed at the Copenhagen ceremony of July 1980, but the Senate has never ratified, leaving the movement’s best-known homeland outside its key treaty.

The Code, decreed on 13 August 1956, abolished polygamy and unilateral divorce, required the bride’s consent and set a minimum marriage age. Women voted later, in 1957 and 1959, and independent feminist groups were legal only from 1989.

The small, politically marginal army stood aside. The story that its chief refused an order to fire is contested: Rachid Ammar later testified that he was never asked. The police did most of the killing.

The Quartet came from civil society, not from the parties. Its National Dialogue persuaded Ennahda to hand over to technocrats and the Assembly to finish the constitution, adopted on 26 January 2014.

By 2014 Libya was divided between rival governments and militias. Tunisian recruits trained in camps near Sabratha, which is why Tunisia built a barrier along the border in 2015.