ON THIS DAY ·
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
24–27 Dec 1979 — Soviet special forces kill the Afghan president in his palace as airborne divisions land in Kabul. The occupation will last nine years and hollow out the Soviet state.
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The moment in context
Soviet leaders had refused to intervene in Afghanistan many times before finally doing so in December 1979, because a friendly communist government there was collapsing under a revolt its own harsh reforms had provoked. What they intended as a brief stabilisation became a nine-year war, with Afghan deaths estimated between roughly half a million and two million, most studies clustering near a million, and about five million people driven into exile. American and allied support armed the resistance through Pakistan, and détente collapsed almost at once into a grain embargo, an Olympic boycott and a shelved arms-control treaty.
From Afghanistan and the Second Cold War, chapter 10 of The Cold War, 1945–1991 (NOV 1983).
The place: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan — map and full story →
Teach this in 5 minutes
- Why it happened — Afghanistan: the trap of the client state. Kabul’s communists seized power on their own in 1978 and set about radicalizing a devout rural society at gunpoint. Land decrees, literacy campaigns…
- The turn — Able Archer 83, 2–11 November 1983. A routine-for-NATO exercise. New codes, radio silence, leaders role-playing escalation. Meets a Soviet intelligence system ordered to find…
- What it changed — Afghanistan bleeds the metropole. The war costs the USSR 15,000 dead by the official count. Post-Soviet researchers argue the true figure may approach 26,000. Plus tens of billions…
Then ask the room: Did Reagan’s pressure end the Cold War, or nearly end the world? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
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