MAPS OF HISTORY · HISTORY OF · Turkmenistan
ONE LAND · 4 ATLASES
Turkmenistan, on the map of history
What was Turkmenistan before it was Turkmenistan? Below, every era of this land in the Maps of History collection — who ruled it, what it was called, and when control changed — each line linked to the dated map that shows it. Modern borders stand in as an honest approximation; every atlas says so on the map itself.
Khwarazm & Khorasan (mod. Turkmenistan) · The Mongol Empire, 1206–1294
| 1206 | The Islamic powers — the opening position |
| 1221 | The Mongol Empire |
OPEN THE MONGOL EMPIRE ON THE LIVING MAP →
Transcaspia (mod. Turkmenistan) · The Russian Revolution, 1905–1924
Transcaspia saw one of the intervention’s stranger episodes — a local anti-Bolshevik government backed briefly by British troops from Persia. Reconquered into Soviet Turkestan by 1920; the Turkmen would resist collectivization into the 1930s.
| JAN 1905 | The Tsarist empire — the opening position |
| MAR 1917 | Provisional Government, then the Whites |
| NOV 1917 | Contested / peasant war |
| OCT 1920 | Soviet power |
OPEN THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ON THE LIVING MAP →
Turkmenistan · The Great War, 1914–1918
| NOV 1914 | The Entente & Allies — the opening position |
| NOV 1918 | Russia in revolution |
Turkmenistan · The Cold War, 1945–1991
| AUG 1945 | USSR & Warsaw Pact — the opening position |
| DEC 1991 | Non-aligned & neutral |
OPEN THE COLD WAR ON THE LIVING MAP →
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