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Historical map · 900

Map of India and South Asia in 900

In 900, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 21 states, empires and other polities in India and South Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were Tibetans, the Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty and the Rashtrakuta Dynasty. The Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty reached well beyond India and South Asia: its whole territory measured about 5.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on India and South Asia in 900. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

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States and empires in India and South Asia in 900

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Tibetans Wikipedia1.7 million km²1.9 million km²850–1259
Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty Wikipedia1.6 million km²5.1 million km²886–999
Rashtrakuta Dynasty Wikipedia788,000 km²788,000 km²755–989
Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty Wikipedia645,000 km²645,000 km²732–1039
Pala Empire Wikipedia329,000 km²329,000 km²750–1168
Sind-Habbari Dynasty Wikipedia230,000 km²230,000 km²860–1201
Kashmir Wikipedia150,000 km²150,000 km²626–1343
Pyu City-States Wikipedia96,000 km²96,000 km²84–1045
Kamarupa Kingdom Wikipedia93,000 km²93,000 km²353–1138
Pandya Dynasty Wikipedia78,000 km²78,000 km²592–1325
Chandra Dynasty Wikipedia77,000 km²77,000 km²900–1055
Anurādhapura Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²291 BC–AD 1017
Chola Empire Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²850–1259
Kingdom of Khotan Wikipedia64,000 km²298,000 km²888–1009
Haripuñjaya Wikipedia41,000 km²144,000 km²661–1293
Nanzhao Wikipedia27,000 km²323,000 km²741–910
Pagan Kingdom Wikipedia27,000 km²27,000 km²850–1293
Srivijaya Wikipedia15,000 km²540,000 km²674–1293
Lavo Kingdom Wikipedia13,000 km²127,000 km²638–1394
Allegiance of Ziyadid dynasty to Abbasid Caliphate Wikipedia770 km²2.9 million km²866–1138
Abbasid Caliphate Wikipedia770 km²2.4 million km²750–1259

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 800

New on the map: Tibetans, Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty, Sind-Habbari Dynasty, Chandra Dynasty, Chola Empire, Kingdom of Khotan, Pagan Kingdom, Allegiance of Ziyadid dynasty to Abbasid Caliphate.

Gone from the map: Tibetan Empire, Turk Shahis, Karkota Dynasty, Late Pallava Empire.

What comes next: 1000

Appear by 1000: Ghaznavid Empire, Western Chalukya Empire, Chauhan Dynasty, Paramara Dynasty, Chaulukya Dynasty, Utpala Dynasty, Chandela Kingdom, Kara-Khanids, Kingdom of Dali.

Gone by 1000: Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, Pandya Dynasty, Nanzhao, Allegiance of Ziyadid dynasty to Abbasid Caliphate.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in India and South Asia in 900?

The map data draws 21 states and other polities in India and South Asia in 900. The largest by land were Tibetans, the Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty, the Rashtrakuta Dynasty, the Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty and the Pala Empire.

What was the largest empire in India and South Asia in 900?

Of the states on this map, the Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty held the most land in total: about 5.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore India and South Asia in 900 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 900, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

India in other years

Other regions in 900