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Historical map · 1800

Map of India and South Asia in 1800

In 1800, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 24 states, empires and other polities in India and South Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Qing Dynasty, the Durrani Empire and the Maratha Empire. The Portuguese Empire reached well beyond India and South Asia: its whole territory measured about 15.9 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on India and South Asia in 1800. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

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States and empires in India and South Asia in 1800

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Qing Dynasty Wikipedia2.0 million km²12.5 million km²1645–1911
Durrani Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1748–1827
Maratha Empire Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²1677–1845
British Empire Wikipedia993,000 km²4.2 million km²1706–1999
Konbaung Dynasty Wikipedia628,000 km²678,000 km²1741–1819
Mughal Empire Wikipedia351,000 km²351,000 km²1529–1858
Qajar Iran Wikipedia329,000 km²1.7 million km²1788–1923
Nepal Wikipedia180,000 km²180,000 km²1775–2024
Carnatic Sultanate Wikipedia138,000 km²138,000 km²1713–1802
Emirate of Bukhara Wikipedia138,000 km²368,000 km²1788–1919
Nawab of Awadh Wikipedia115,000 km²115,000 km²1727–1802
Sikh Empire Wikipedia58,000 km²58,000 km²1799–1848
Siam Wikipedia47,000 km²432,000 km²1783–1931
Sultanate of Aceh Wikipedia42,000 km²42,000 km²1516–1959
Bhutan Wikipedia41,000 km²41,000 km²1636–2024
British Ceylon Wikipedia29,000 km²29,000 km²1796–1814
Khanate of Khiva Wikipedia28,000 km²737,000 km²1512–1919
Chiangmai Wikipedia22,000 km²65,000 km²1775–1884
Sultanate of Oman Wikipedia12,000 km²106,000 km²1744–2024
Sultanate of Malacca Wikipedia9,170 km²40,000 km²1459–1861
Sikh Confederacy Wikipedia5,640 km²5,640 km²1762–1806
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia5,210 km²15.9 million km²1502–1910
French India Wikipedia910 km²10,000 km²1673–1847
Danish India Wikipedia320 km²320 km²1757–1808

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1789

New on the map: Qajar Iran, Sikh Empire, British Ceylon, Khanate of Khiva.

Gone from the map: Tibet, Zand Dynasty, Hyderabad State, Kingdom of Mysore, Dutch Republic, Dutch Ceylon, Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom, Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of France.

What comes next: 1815

Appear by 1815: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Netherlands, Dutch East Indies.

Gone by 1815: Carnatic Sultanate, Nawab of Awadh, British Ceylon, Sikh Confederacy, French India, Danish India.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in India and South Asia in 1800?

The map data draws 24 states and other polities in India and South Asia in 1800. The largest by land were the Qing Dynasty, the Durrani Empire, the Maratha Empire, the British Empire and the Konbaung Dynasty.

What was the largest empire in India and South Asia in 1800?

Of the states on this map, the Portuguese Empire held the most land in total: about 15.9 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore India and South Asia in 1800 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1800, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

India in other years

Other regions in 1800