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Historical map · 1400

Map of India and South Asia in 1400

In 1400, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 27 states, empires and other polities in India and South Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire and the Timurid Empire. The Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire reached well beyond India and South Asia: its whole territory measured about 12.5 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on India and South Asia in 1400. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

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States and empires in India and South Asia in 1400

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²12.5 million km²1294–1695
Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²4.0 million km²1010–1802
Timurid Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²4.0 million km²1375–1506
Tibet Wikipedia1.4 million km²1.5 million km²1363–1952
Bahmani Sultanate Wikipedia441,000 km²441,000 km²1352–1491
Delhi Sultanate Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1210–1528
Tughlaq Dynasty Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1326–1414
Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia408,000 km²420,000 km²1314–1594
Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia397,000 km²397,000 km²1344–1571
Chagatai Khanate Wikipedia337,000 km²1.8 million km²1294–1462
Sultanate of Bengal Wikipedia307,000 km²307,000 km²1344–1533
Shan States Wikipedia238,000 km²275,000 km²1294–1563
Ava Kingdom Wikipedia194,000 km²194,000 km²1375–1528
Jaunpur Sultanate Wikipedia160,000 km²160,000 km²1395–1481
Kashmiri Sultanate Wikipedia152,000 km²152,000 km²1344–1587
Sind-Samma Dynasty Wikipedia123,000 km²123,000 km²1344–1525
Majapahit Wikipedia83,000 km²1.0 million km²1294–1518
Hanthawaddy Kingdom Wikipedia79,000 km²79,000 km²1294–1546
Ceylon63,000 km²63,000 km²1236–1506
Ayutthaya Kingdom Wikipedia55,000 km²322,000 km²1352–1768
Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty32,000 km²5.4 million km²1395–1897
Ming Dynasty Wikipedia32,000 km²4.9 million km²1375–1644
Lan Na Kingdom Wikipedia22,000 km²53,000 km²1294–1761
Sukhothai Kingdom Wikipedia17,000 km²63,000 km²1241–1458
Mahdids Wikipedia12,000 km²85,000 km²1169–1506
Samudera Pasai Sultanate Wikipedia8,450 km²8,450 km²1272–1520
Kathmandu Wikipedia660 km²660 km²1202–1761

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1300

New on the map: Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Timurid Empire, Tibet, Bahmani Sultanate, Tughlaq Dynasty, Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Bengal, Ava Kingdom, Jaunpur Sultanate, Kashmiri Sultanate, Sind-Samma Dynasty, Majapahit, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty.

Gone from the map: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Khalji Dynasty, Yadava Dynasty, Kakatiya Dynasty, Pandya Empire, Eastern Ganga Kingdom, Kashmir, Myinsaing Kingdom, Chandela Kingdom, Hoysala Kingdom, Kampili Kingdom.

What comes next: 1444

Appear by 1444: Vassalage of Qara Qoyunlu to Timurid Empire, Sayyid Dynasty, Kingdom of Mrauk U.

Gone by 1444: Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Tughlaq Dynasty.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in India and South Asia in 1400?

The map data draws 27 states and other polities in India and South Asia in 1400. The largest by land were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, the Timurid Empire, Tibet and the Bahmani Sultanate.

What was the largest empire in India and South Asia in 1400?

Of the states on this map, the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire held the most land in total: about 12.5 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore India and South Asia in 1400 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1400, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

India in other years

Other regions in 1400