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Historical map · 1800

Map of the World in 1800

In 1800, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 119 states, empires and other polities in the world. By the land they held , the largest were the Spanish Empire, the Russian Empire and the Portuguese Empire.

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the World in 1800. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1800 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1800
Atlas map: Cotton and the Factory (1800)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, CHAPTER 2: COTTON AND THE FACTORY (1800)

States and empires in the World in 1800

StateTerritoryWhole stateIn the data
Spanish Empire Wikipedia23.1 million km²23.1 million km²1516–1931
Russian Empire Wikipedia16.6 million km²16.6 million km²1721–1916
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia15.9 million km²15.9 million km²1502–1910
Qing Dynasty Wikipedia12.5 million km²12.5 million km²1645–1911
British Empire Wikipedia4.2 million km²4.2 million km²1706–1999
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia2.7 million km²2.7 million km²1305–1923
Kazakh Khanate Wikipedia1.9 million km²1.9 million km²1468–1847
Qajar Iran Wikipedia1.7 million km²1.7 million km²1788–1923
Durrani Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1748–1827
Habsburg Monarchy Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1459–1805
French Consulate Wikipedia1.3 million km²1.3 million km²1800–1804
United States of America Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²1776–2024
Maratha Empire Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²1677–1845
Emirate of Diriyah Wikipedia832,000 km²832,000 km²1744–1819
Swedish Empire Wikipedia785,000 km²785,000 km²1612–1814
Khanate of Khiva Wikipedia737,000 km²737,000 km²1512–1919
Konbaung Dynasty Wikipedia678,000 km²678,000 km²1741–1819
Funj Sultanate Wikipedia629,000 km²629,000 km²1507–1821
Denmark Wikipedia523,000 km²523,000 km²1046–1940
Batavian Republic Wikipedia521,000 km²521,000 km²1796–1810
Kingdom of Spain Wikipedia501,000 km²501,000 km²1516–2024
Siam Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1783–1931
Morocco Wikipedia388,000 km²388,000 km²1670–2024
Emirate of Bukhara Wikipedia368,000 km²368,000 km²1788–1919
Tokugawa Shogunate Wikipedia363,000 km²363,000 km²1600–1869
Mughal Empire Wikipedia351,000 km²351,000 km²1529–1858
United Kingdom Wikipedia342,000 km²342,000 km²1709–2024
Bornu Empire Wikipedia340,000 km²340,000 km²1072–1894
Kingdom of Prussia Wikipedia312,000 km²312,000 km²1702–1863
Sultanate of Darfur Wikipedia296,000 km²296,000 km²1609–1876
Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia288,000 km²288,000 km²922–1806
British Cape Colony Wikipedia282,000 km²282,000 km²1796–1884
Wadai Empire Wikipedia281,000 km²281,000 km²1636–1910
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²1272–1935
Joseon232,000 km²232,000 km²1395–1897
Dutch East Indies Wikipedia225,000 km²225,000 km²1800–1949
Regency of Algiers Wikipedia212,000 km²212,000 km²1706–1845
Kingdom of Cambodia Wikipedia197,000 km²197,000 km²1540–2024
Tây Sơn dynasty Wikipedia182,000 km²182,000 km²1775–1802
Nepal Wikipedia180,000 km²180,000 km²1775–2024

Also on the map: Vientiane, Sultanate of Johor, Qasimids, Ashanti Empire, Kingdom of Luang Phrabang, Carnatic Sultanate, Nawab of Awadh, Kingdom of Lunda, Sultanate of Oman, Greenland, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic), Oyo Empire, Beylik of Tunis, Merina Kingdom, Khanate of Kokand, Karamanli Dynasty, Sultanate of Palembang, Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, Sultanate of Brunei, Sultanate of Sulu, Chiangmai, Sultanate of Banten, Kingdom of Sardinia, Sikh Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, French Louisiana, Duchy of Bavaria, Kingdom of Champasak, Sultanate of Aceh, Bhutan, Sultanate of Malacca, Sultanate of Banjar, Helvetic Republic, Papal States, Bamana Empire, Nguyễn dynasty, Electorate of Saxony, Electorate of Hanover, Haiti, British Ceylon, Sultanate of Jambi, Sultanate of Perak, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, Sultanate of Terengganu, Sultanate of Selangor, Sultanate of Sukadana, Sultanate of Kedah, Kingdom of Imereti, Sultanate of Bima, Principality of Abkhazia, French India, Dutch Gold Coast, Kelantan, Bali, Cispadane Republic, Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara, Negeri Sembilan, Sultanate of Sambas, Sikh Confederacy, Kuwait, Principality of Mingrelia, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Đại Việt, Principality of Guria, Surakarta Sunanate, Septinsular Republic, Sultanate of Mempawah, Principality of Svaneti, Sultanate of Bone, Republic of Ragusa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Danish Gold Coast, Sultanate of Maguindanao, New Netherland, Danish India, County of Urgell.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1789

New on the map: French Consulate, Batavian Republic, British Cape Colony, Dutch East Indies, Merina Kingdom, Sikh Empire, French Louisiana, Helvetic Republic, Nguyễn dynasty, Haiti, British Ceylon, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, Cispadane Republic, Septinsular Republic, Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

Gone from the map: Tibet, Kingdom of France, Dutch Republic, Zand Dynasty, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Dutch Cape Colony, Khanates of the Caucasus, Hyderabad State, Kingdom of Mysore, New France, Republic of Venice, Swiss Confederation, Dutch Ceylon, Vermont Republic, Duchy of Courland, Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom, Republic of Genoa, Freetown Colony, Comtat Venaissin, House of Khalifa.

What comes next: 1815

Appear by 1815: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Kingdom of France (Bourbon Restoration), Río de la Plata, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Austrian Empire, Sokoto Caliphate, Muhammad Ali dynasty, Federal League, New Granada, Netherlands, German Confederation, Paraguay, Mexican insurgents (War of Independence), Imamate of Yemen, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Kingdom of Bavaria, Omani East Africa (Swahili coast), Serbia, Swiss Confederation, Kingdom of Württemberg, Grand Duchy of Berg, Grand Duchy of Baden, Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg, Electorate of Hesse, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Duchy of Nassau, Duchy of Oldenburg, Duchy of Brunswick and others.

Gone by 1815: Habsburg Monarchy, French Consulate, Swedish Empire, Batavian Republic, Holy Roman Empire, Tây Sơn dynasty, Qasimids, Carnatic Sultanate, Nawab of Awadh, Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic), Sultanate of Banten, Kingdom of Georgia, French Louisiana, Duchy of Bavaria, Helvetic Republic, Electorate of Saxony, Electorate of Hanover, British Ceylon, Kingdom of Imereti, Cispadane Republic, Sikh Confederacy, Principality of Mingrelia, Republic of Ragusa, New Netherland, Danish India, County of Urgell.

Read the history of 1800

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the World in 1800?

The map data draws 119 states and other polities in the World in 1800. The largest by land were the Spanish Empire, the Russian Empire, the Portuguese Empire, the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire.

What was the largest empire in the world in 1800?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 23.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the World in 1800 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1800, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

World in other years

Other regions in 1800