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Historical map · 1800

Map of Asia in 1800

In 1800, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 82 states, empires and other polities in Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The Spanish Empire reached well beyond Asia: its whole territory measured about 23.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Asia in 1800. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

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States and empires in Asia in 1800

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia14.6 million km²16.6 million km²1721–1916
Qing Dynasty Wikipedia12.5 million km²12.5 million km²1645–1911
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia2.3 million km²2.7 million km²1305–1923
Kazakh Khanate Wikipedia1.9 million km²1.9 million km²1468–1847
Qajar Iran Wikipedia1.7 million km²1.7 million km²1788–1923
Durrani Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1748–1827
Maratha Empire Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²1677–1845
British Empire Wikipedia1.0 million km²4.2 million km²1706–1999
Emirate of Diriyah Wikipedia832,000 km²832,000 km²1744–1819
Khanate of Khiva Wikipedia737,000 km²737,000 km²1512–1919
Konbaung Dynasty Wikipedia678,000 km²678,000 km²1741–1819
Funj Sultanate Wikipedia629,000 km²629,000 km²1507–1821
Siam Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1783–1931
Emirate of Bukhara Wikipedia368,000 km²368,000 km²1788–1919
Tokugawa Shogunate Wikipedia363,000 km²363,000 km²1600–1869
Mughal Empire Wikipedia351,000 km²351,000 km²1529–1858
Spanish Empire Wikipedia340,000 km²23.1 million km²1516–1931
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²1272–1935
Joseon232,000 km²232,000 km²1395–1897
Batavian Republic Wikipedia225,000 km²521,000 km²1796–1810
Dutch East Indies Wikipedia225,000 km²225,000 km²1800–1949
Swedish Empire Wikipedia217,000 km²785,000 km²1612–1814
Kingdom of Cambodia Wikipedia197,000 km²197,000 km²1540–2024
Tây Sơn dynasty Wikipedia182,000 km²182,000 km²1775–1802
Nepal Wikipedia180,000 km²180,000 km²1775–2024
Vientiane Wikipedia173,000 km²173,000 km²1709–1827
Sultanate of Johor Wikipedia165,000 km²165,000 km²1529–1884
Qasimids Wikipedia154,000 km²154,000 km²1636–1802
Sultanate of Darfur Wikipedia149,000 km²296,000 km²1609–1876
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang Wikipedia148,000 km²148,000 km²1709–1894
Carnatic Sultanate Wikipedia138,000 km²138,000 km²1713–1802
Nawab of Awadh Wikipedia115,000 km²115,000 km²1727–1802
Sultanate of Oman Wikipedia106,000 km²106,000 km²1744–2024
Khanate of Kokand Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²1709–1876
Sultanate of Palembang Wikipedia75,000 km²75,000 km²1459–1821
Principality of Moldavia Wikipedia70,000 km²70,000 km²1363–1858
Sultanate of Brunei Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1363–2024
Sultanate of Sulu Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1459–1879
Chiangmai Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²1775–1884
Sultanate of Banten Wikipedia64,000 km²64,000 km²1529–1808

Also on the map: Sikh Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, French Consulate, Kingdom of Champasak, Sultanate of Aceh, Bhutan, Sultanate of Malacca, Principality of Wallachia, Sultanate of Banjar, Habsburg Monarchy, Nguyễn dynasty, Denmark, British Ceylon, Sultanate of Jambi, Portuguese Empire, Sultanate of Perak, Sultanate of Terengganu, Sultanate of Selangor, Sultanate of Sukadana, Sultanate of Kedah, Kingdom of Imereti, Sultanate of Bima, Principality of Abkhazia, Kelantan, Bali, Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara, Negeri Sembilan, Sultanate of Sambas, Sikh Confederacy, Kuwait, Principality of Mingrelia, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Đại Việt, Principality of Guria, Surakarta Sunanate, Sultanate of Mempawah, Principality of Svaneti, Sultanate of Bone, French India, Sultanate of Maguindanao, Danish India.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1789

New on the map: Batavian Republic, Dutch East Indies, Sikh Empire, French Consulate, Nguyễn dynasty, British Ceylon.

Gone from the map: Tibet, Zand Dynasty, Dutch Republic, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Khanates of the Caucasus, Hyderabad State, Kingdom of Mysore, Dutch Ceylon, Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom, Duchy of Courland, House of Khalifa, Kingdom of France.

What comes next: 1815

Appear by 1815: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Muhammad Ali dynasty, Netherlands, Imamate of Yemen, Omani East Africa (Swahili coast), Austrian Empire, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, House of Khalifa.

Gone by 1815: Batavian Republic, Swedish Empire, Tây Sơn dynasty, Qasimids, Carnatic Sultanate, Nawab of Awadh, Sultanate of Banten, Kingdom of Georgia, French Consulate, Habsburg Monarchy, Denmark, British Ceylon, Kingdom of Imereti, Sikh Confederacy, Principality of Mingrelia, French India, Danish India.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Asia in 1800?

The map data draws 82 states and other polities in Asia in 1800. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire, the Kazakh Khanate and Qajar Iran.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 1800?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 23.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Asia in 1800 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1800, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Asia in other years

Other regions in 1800