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Historical map · 1400

Map of Asia in 1400

In 1400, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 86 states, empires and other polities in Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Asia in 1400. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

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States and empires in Asia in 1400

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire Wikipedia8.2 million km²12.5 million km²1294–1695
Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty5.2 million km²5.4 million km²1395–1897
Ming Dynasty Wikipedia4.9 million km²4.9 million km²1375–1644
Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire Wikipedia4.0 million km²4.0 million km²1010–1802
Timurid Empire Wikipedia4.0 million km²4.0 million km²1375–1506
Northern Yuan Wikipedia3.4 million km²3.4 million km²1375–1439
Blue Horde Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1363–1449
Chagatai Khanate Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1294–1462
Tibet Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1363–1952
Novgorod Republic Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1056–1481
Mamluk Sultanate Wikipedia1.4 million km²1.5 million km²1241–1518
Majapahit Wikipedia1.0 million km²1.0 million km²1294–1518
Polish-Lithuania Kingdom Wikipedia729,000 km²1.0 million km²1395–1571
Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wikipedia713,000 km²803,000 km²1220–1449
Bahmani Sultanate Wikipedia441,000 km²441,000 km²1352–1491
Delhi Sultanate Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1210–1528
Tughlaq Dynasty Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1326–1414
Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia408,000 km²420,000 km²1314–1594
Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia397,000 km²397,000 km²1344–1571
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia393,000 km²393,000 km²1272–1935
Rasulid Dynasty Wikipedia379,000 km²379,000 km²1236–1458
Lan Xang Wikipedia377,000 km²377,000 km²1363–1708
Ayutthaya Kingdom Wikipedia322,000 km²322,000 km²1352–1768
Ashikaga Shogunate Wikipedia321,000 km²321,000 km²1344–1571
Sultanate of Bengal Wikipedia307,000 km²307,000 km²1344–1533
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia298,000 km²403,000 km²1305–1923
Shan States Wikipedia275,000 km²275,000 km²1294–1563
Grand Principality of Moscow Wikipedia248,000 km²248,000 km²1294–1546
Khmer Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²800–1539
Jalayirid Sultanate Wikipedia238,000 km²238,000 km²1344–1401
Makuria Wikipedia213,000 km²213,000 km²347–1518
Ava Kingdom Wikipedia194,000 km²194,000 km²1375–1528
Jaunpur Sultanate Wikipedia160,000 km²160,000 km²1395–1481
Kashmiri Sultanate Wikipedia152,000 km²152,000 km²1344–1587
Qara Qoyunlu Wikipedia152,000 km²152,000 km²1375–1467
Ngô Dynasty Wikipedia134,000 km²134,000 km²947–1406
Alodia Wikipedia124,000 km²124,000 km²347–1506
Sind-Samma Dynasty Wikipedia123,000 km²123,000 km²1344–1525
Ifat Sultanate Wikipedia121,000 km²121,000 km²1285–1414
Germiyanids Wikipedia120,000 km²120,000 km²1305–1439

Also on the map: Chámpa, Principality of Moldavia, Beylik of Karaman, Personal union of Kingdom of Denmark with Old Kingdom of Norway, Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, Mahdids, Kingdom of Sweden, Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Principality of Smolensk, Bahrani Dynasty, Sukhothai Kingdom, Ceylon, Sunda Kingdom, Lan Na Kingdom, Beylik of Isfendiyar, Allegiance of Swiss Confederation to Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Allegiance of Teutonic Order to Holy Roman Empire, Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire, Principality of Wallachia, Beylik of Teke, Beylik of Dulkadir, Empire of Trebizond, Ramadanid Emirate, Pskov Republic, Sultanate of Kedah, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland, Beylik of Saruhan, Kingdom of Cyprus, Republic of Genoa, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Beylik of Aydin, Tver, Beylik of Menteshe, Tondo, Sultanate of Brunei, Republic of Venice, Byzantine Empire, Hokuzan, Namayan, Kingdom of Singapura, Kathmandu, Principality of Theodoro, Chüzan, Nanzan.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1300

New on the map: Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Timurid Empire, Northern Yuan, Blue Horde, Tibet, Polish-Lithuania Kingdom, Bahmani Sultanate, Tughlaq Dynasty, Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Lan Xang, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ashikaga Shogunate, Sultanate of Bengal, Ottoman Empire, Jalayirid Sultanate, Ava Kingdom, Jaunpur Sultanate, Kashmiri Sultanate, Qara Qoyunlu, Sind-Samma Dynasty, Germiyanids, Principality of Moldavia, Beylik of Karaman, Personal union of Kingdom of Denmark with Old Kingdom of Norway, Beylik of Isfendiyar, Allegiance of Swiss Confederation to Holy Roman Empire, Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire and others.

Gone from the map: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Khalji Dynasty, Yadava Dynasty, Kamakura Shogunate, Kakatiya Dynasty, Pandya Empire, Eastern Ganga Kingdom, Kashmir, Myinsaing Kingdom, Malaya, Principality of Minsk, Chandela Kingdom, Second Bulgarian Empire, Principality of Pinsk, Hoysala Kingdom, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Lavo Kingdom, Galicia-Volhynia, Principality of Beloozero, Kingdom of Denmark, Early Balinese Kingdoms, Kampili Kingdom, Nizhny Novgorod, Phayao Kingdom, Shunten Dynasty, Duchy of the Archipelago.

What comes next: 1444

Appear by 1444: Khanate of Sibir, Four Oirats, Personal union of Polish-Lithuania Kingdom with Kingdom of Hungary, Aq Qoyunlu, Kalmar Union, Khanate of Kazan, Lê Dynasty, Adal Sultanate, Sayyid Dynasty, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Livonian Conference, Shirvan, Ryukyu Kingdom.

Gone by 1444: Northern Yuan, Tughlaq Dynasty, Jalayirid Sultanate, Ngô Dynasty, Ifat Sultanate, Germiyanids, Personal union of Kingdom of Denmark with Old Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, Principality of Smolensk, Allegiance of Swiss Confederation to Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Allegiance of Teutonic Order to Holy Roman Empire, Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire, Beylik of Teke, Beylik of Saruhan, Beylik of Aydin, Beylik of Menteshe, Hokuzan, Kingdom of Singapura, Chüzan, Nanzan.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Asia in 1400?

The map data draws 86 states and other polities in Asia in 1400. The largest by land were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire and the Timurid Empire.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 1400?

Of the states on this map, the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire held the most land in total: about 12.5 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Asia in 1400 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1400, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Asia in other years

Other regions in 1400