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Historical map · 1400

Map of the World in 1400

In 1400, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 149 states, empires and other polities in the world. By the land they held , the largest were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the World in 1400. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1400 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1400
Atlas map: Living with the Cold (1408)
FROM THE ATLAS · CLIMATE AND INNOVATION, CHAPTER 5: LIVING WITH THE COLD (1408)

States and empires in the World in 1400

StateTerritoryWhole stateIn the data
Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire Wikipedia12.5 million km²12.5 million km²1294–1695
Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty5.4 million km²5.4 million km²1395–1897
Ming Dynasty Wikipedia4.9 million km²4.9 million km²1375–1644
Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire Wikipedia4.0 million km²4.0 million km²1010–1802
Timurid Empire Wikipedia4.0 million km²4.0 million km²1375–1506
Northern Yuan Wikipedia3.4 million km²3.4 million km²1375–1439
Blue Horde Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1363–1449
Chagatai Khanate Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1294–1462
Personal union of Kingdom of Denmark with Old Kingdom of Norway Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²866–1401
Tibet Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1363–1952
Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²922–1806
Mamluk Sultanate Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1241–1518
Novgorod Republic Wikipedia1.5 million km²1.5 million km²1056–1481
Vassalage of Kingdom of Bohemia to Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia1.3 million km²1.3 million km²1202–1528
Allegiance of Teutonic Order to Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²1236–1525
Allegiance of Swiss Confederation to Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia1.0 million km²1.0 million km²1294–2024
Polish-Lithuania Kingdom Wikipedia1.0 million km²1.0 million km²1395–1571
Majapahit Wikipedia1.0 million km²1.0 million km²1294–1518
Mali Empire Wikipedia977,000 km²977,000 km²1236–1611
Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wikipedia803,000 km²803,000 km²1220–1449
Kingdom of France Wikipedia682,000 km²682,000 km²990–1848
Kingdom of Poland Wikipedia466,000 km²466,000 km²962–1449
Bahmani Sultanate Wikipedia441,000 km²441,000 km²1352–1491
Delhi Sultanate Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1210–1528
Tughlaq Dynasty Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1326–1414
Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia420,000 km²420,000 km²1314–1594
Kingdom of England Wikipedia406,000 km²406,000 km²936–1708
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia403,000 km²403,000 km²1305–1923
Vijayanagara Empire Wikipedia397,000 km²397,000 km²1344–1571
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia393,000 km²393,000 km²1272–1935
Marinid Sultanate Wikipedia389,000 km²389,000 km²1250–1467
Rasulid Dynasty Wikipedia379,000 km²379,000 km²1236–1458
Lan Xang Wikipedia377,000 km²377,000 km²1363–1708
Crown of Castile Wikipedia356,000 km²356,000 km²1236–1515
Kingdom of Sweden Wikipedia348,000 km²348,000 km²980–2024
Kingdom of Hungary Wikipedia338,000 km²338,000 km²1000–1546
Ayutthaya Kingdom Wikipedia322,000 km²322,000 km²1352–1768
Ashikaga Shogunate Wikipedia321,000 km²321,000 km²1344–1571
Sultanate of Bengal Wikipedia307,000 km²307,000 km²1344–1533
Shan States Wikipedia275,000 km²275,000 km²1294–1563

Also on the map: Grand Principality of Moscow, Khmer Empire, Jalayirid Sultanate, Hafsid Dynasty, Makuria, Ava Kingdom, Kingdom of Denmark, Jaunpur Sultanate, Kashmiri Sultanate, Qara Qoyunlu, Later Mayan City-States, Ngô Dynasty, Crown of Aragon, Zayyanid dynasty, Alodia, Sind-Samma Dynasty, Ifat Sultanate, Germiyanids, Chámpa, Principality of Moldavia, Beylik of Karaman, House of Habsburg, Chimu Empire, Kingdom of Portugal, Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal, Kingdom of Scotland, Mahdids, Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Principality of Smolensk, Principality of Wallachia, Bahrani Dynasty, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of Naples, Sukhothai Kingdom, Ceylon, Sunda Kingdom, Lan Na Kingdom, Kingdom of Bosnia, Serbian Empire, Beylik of Isfendiyar, Duchy of Bavaria, House of Valois-Anjou, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Papal States, Beylik of Teke, Beylik of Dulkadir, Duchy of Brittany, House of Ascania, Emirate of Granada, Serbian Despots, Empire of Trebizond, Giudicato of Arborea, County of Savoy, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Ramadanid Emirate, Margraviate of Moravia, Pskov Republic, Earldom of Desmond, County of Auvergne, Sultanate of Kedah, Electorate of Trier, Despotate of Vidin, County of Armagnac, Beylik of Saruhan, House of Bourbon, Principality of Achaea, Bornu Empire, Albanian Principalities, Duchy of Brabant, Kingdom of Cyprus, Despotate of Epirus, Byzantine Empire, Despotate of Arta, County of Touraine, House of Luxembourg, Republic of Florence, Kingdom of Navarre, Duchy of Aquitaine, Cuzco, County of Foix, County of Périgord, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Patriarchate of Aquileia, Beylik of Aydin, Tver, Principality of Valona and Kanina, Beylik of Menteshe, Michoacán, Electorate of Saxony, Tondo, Sultanate of Brunei, County of Béarn, County of Blôis, Republic of Pisa, Comtat Venaissin, Tenochtitlan, House of Tocco, Texcoco, Hokuzan, Namayan, Isle of Man, Kingdom of Singapura, Kathmandu, Principality of Theodoro, Chüzan, Republic of Ragusa, County of Urgell, Nanzan.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1300

New on the map: Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Timurid Empire, Northern Yuan, Blue Horde, Tibet, Polish-Lithuania Kingdom, Kingdom of Poland, Bahmani Sultanate, Tughlaq Dynasty, Vassalage of Jaffna kingdom to Vijayanagara Empire, Ottoman Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Marinid Sultanate, Lan Xang, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ashikaga Shogunate, Sultanate of Bengal, Jalayirid Sultanate, Ava Kingdom, Jaunpur Sultanate, Kashmiri Sultanate, Qara Qoyunlu, Sind-Samma Dynasty, Germiyanids, Principality of Moldavia, Beylik of Karaman, Principality of Wallachia, Duchy of Burgundy and others.

Gone from the map: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Khalji Dynasty, Yadava Dynasty, Almohad Caliphate, Kamakura Shogunate, Kakatiya Dynasty, Duchies of Poland, Pandya Empire, Eastern Ganga Kingdom, Kashmir, Myinsaing Kingdom, Malaya, Galicia-Volhynia, Second Bulgarian Empire, Principality of Minsk, Chandela Kingdom, Kingdom of Serbia, Principality of Pinsk, Hoysala Kingdom, Capetian House of Anjou, Viking settlements, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Lavo Kingdom, Duchy of Masovia, County of Flanders, Duchy of Greater Poland, Duchy of Sandomierz, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Syrmia and others.

What comes next: 1444

Appear by 1444: Khanate of Sibir, Four Oirats, Kalmar Union, Personal union of Polish-Lithuania Kingdom with Kingdom of Hungary, Aq Qoyunlu, Khanate of Kazan, Lê Dynasty, Adal Sultanate, Kingdom of Kongo, Livonian Conference, Sayyid Dynasty, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Shirvan, Duchy of Milan, Aztec Triple Alliance, County of Nevers, Duchy of Luxembourg, Inca Empire, Ryukyu Kingdom.

Gone by 1444: Northern Yuan, Personal union of Kingdom of Denmark with Old Kingdom of Norway, Tughlaq Dynasty, Kingdom of Sweden, Jalayirid Sultanate, Kingdom of Denmark, Ngô Dynasty, Ifat Sultanate, Germiyanids, Principality of Smolensk, Beylik of Teke, Serbian Despots, Giudicato of Arborea, Margraviate of Moravia, Despotate of Vidin, Beylik of Saruhan, Principality of Achaea, Albanian Principalities, Duchy of Brabant, Despotate of Arta, House of Luxembourg, Kingdom of Navarre, Duchy of Aquitaine, Cuzco, Beylik of Aydin, Principality of Valona and Kanina, Beylik of Menteshe, Electorate of Saxony, County of Blôis, Republic of Pisa and others.

Read the history of 1400

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the World in 1400?

The map data draws 149 states and other polities in the World in 1400. The largest by land were the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Allegiance of Joseon to Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire and the Timurid Empire.

What was the largest empire in the world in 1400?

Of the states on this map, the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire held the most land in total: about 12.5 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the World in 1400 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1400, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

World in other years

Other regions in 1400