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Historical map · 200 BC

Map of the Middle East in 200 BC

In 200 BC, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 21 states, empires and other polities in the Middle East. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kush. The Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic reached well beyond the Middle East: its whole territory measured about 5.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the Middle East in 200 BC. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 200 BC ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 200 BC
Atlas map: The Punic Wars: Hannibal (216 Bc)
FROM THE ATLAS · ROME, CHAPTER 2: THE PUNIC WARS: HANNIBAL (216 BC)

States and empires in the Middle East in 200 BC

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic Wikipedia2.2 million km²5.1 million km²318 BC–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom Wikipedia741,000 km²781,000 km²331 BC–28 BC
Kingdom of Kush Wikipedia337,000 km²337,000 km²1000 BC–AD 346
Parthian Empire Wikipedia253,000 km²253,000 km²239 BC–AD 237
Atropatene Wikipedia147,000 km²147,000 km²307 BC–165 BC
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Wikipedia146,000 km²685,000 km²247 BC–127 BC
Kingdom of Pontus Wikipedia93,000 km²93,000 km²281 BC–AD 67
Hadhramaut Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²700 BC–AD 305
Kingdom of Cappadocia Wikipedia68,000 km²68,000 km²239 BC–AD 22
Antigonid Macedonia Wikipedia65,000 km²114,000 km²291 BC–165 BC
Galatia Wikipedia51,000 km²51,000 km²279 BC–26 BC
Greek City-States Wikipedia45,000 km²78,000 km²800 BC–AD 83
Kingdom of Pergamon Wikipedia38,000 km²38,000 km²279 BC–127 BC
Sabaeans Wikipedia36,000 km²36,000 km²800 BC–AD 282
Kingdom of Bithynia Wikipedia30,000 km²30,000 km²333 BC–67 BC
Minaeans29,000 km²29,000 km²383 BC–26 BC
Paphlagonia Wikipedia23,000 km²23,000 km²279 BC–127 BC
Kingdom of Sophene Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²256 BC–AD 113
Qataban Wikipedia12,000 km²12,000 km²350 BC–AD 183
Achaean League Wikipedia8,130 km²12,000 km²279 BC–145 BC
Aetolian League Wikipedia3,610 km²10,000 km²284 BC–189 BC

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 323 BC

New on the map: Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Parthian Empire, Atropatene, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Kingdom of Pontus, Kingdom of Cappadocia, Antigonid Macedonia, Galatia, Kingdom of Pergamon, Paphlagonia, Kingdom of Sophene, Achaean League, Aetolian League.

Gone from the map: Macedonian Empire, Kingdom of Armenia, Kingdom of Lysimachus, Laomedon, Perdiccas, Athenian Coalition, Cyrenaica.

What comes next: 100 BC

Appear by 100 BC: Indo-Scythians, Roman Republic, Kingdom of Armenia, Nabataeans, Himyarite Kingdom, Cyrenaica, Judea.

Gone by 100 BC: Atropatene, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Antigonid Macedonia, Galatia, Kingdom of Pergamon, Paphlagonia, Achaean League, Aetolian League.

Read the history of 200 BC

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the Middle East in 200 BC?

The map data draws 21 states and other polities in the Middle East in 200 BC. The largest by land were the Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, the Ptolemaic Kingdom, the Kingdom of Kush, the Parthian Empire and Atropatene.

What was the largest empire in the Middle East in 200 BC?

Of the states on this map, the Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic held the most land in total: about 5.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the Middle East in 200 BC interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 200 BC, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Middle East in other years

Other regions in 200 BC