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Historical map · 1300

Map of the Middle East in 1300

In 1300, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 24 states, empires and other polities in the Middle East. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty. The Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty reached well beyond the Middle East: its whole territory measured about 24.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the Middle East in 1300. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1300 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1300
Atlas map: The Long Shadow (1295)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE MONGOL EMPIRE, CHAPTER 12: THE LONG SHADOW (1295)

States and empires in the Middle East in 1300

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty Wikipedia3.2 million km²22.1 million km²1294–1343
Mamluk Sultanate Wikipedia1.4 million km²1.5 million km²1241–1518
Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty Wikipedia396,000 km²24.1 million km²1294–1695
Rasulid Dynasty Wikipedia379,000 km²379,000 km²1236–1458
Byzantine Empire Wikipedia216,000 km²251,000 km²633–1474
Makuria Wikipedia213,000 km²213,000 km²347–1518
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia190,000 km²209,000 km²1272–1935
Alodia Wikipedia124,000 km²124,000 km²347–1506
Allegiance of Chagatai Khanate to Yuan Dynasty Wikipedia114,000 km²19.1 million km²1294–1462
Mahdids Wikipedia85,000 km²85,000 km²1169–1506
Second Bulgarian Empire Wikipedia84,000 km²100,000 km²1188–1394
Bahrani Dynasty Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²1260–1520
Ifat Sultanate Wikipedia72,000 km²122,000 km²1285–1414
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Wikipedia44,000 km²44,000 km²1099–1374
Empire of Trebizond Wikipedia14,000 km²15,000 km²1206–1462
Kingdom of Cyprus Wikipedia11,000 km²11,000 km²1192–1491
Thessaly Wikipedia11,000 km²14,000 km²1272–1332
Principality of Achaea Wikipedia8,540 km²15,000 km²1206–1439
Republic of Venice Wikipedia8,470 km²19,000 km²705–1796
Duchy of Athens Wikipedia8,240 km²8,240 km²1206–1313
Kingdom of Serbia Wikipedia6,750 km²79,000 km²1188–1884
Despotate of Epirus Wikipedia2,640 km²21,000 km²1206–1481
Republic of Genoa Wikipedia1,350 km²26,000 km²1010–1795
Duchy of the Archipelago Wikipedia1,230 km²1,230 km²1210–1313

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1200

New on the map: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, Rasulid Dynasty, Ethiopian Empire, Allegiance of Chagatai Khanate to Yuan Dynasty, Bahrani Dynasty, Ifat Sultanate, Empire of Trebizond, Thessaly, Principality of Achaea, Republic of Venice, Duchy of Athens, Kingdom of Serbia, Despotate of Epirus, Republic of Genoa, Duchy of the Archipelago.

Gone from the map: Ayyubid Sultanate, Ghurid Dynasty, Great Seljuk Empire, Khwarezmid Dynasty, Sultanate of Rum, Kingdom of Georgia, Kimek-Kipchak confederation, Kara-Khitans, Hamdanid Emirates, Uyunid Emirate, Shirvan, Zagwe dynasty, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Halych-Volhynia occupation, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli.

What comes next: 1400

Appear by 1400: Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Timurid Empire, Ottoman Empire, Jalayirid Sultanate, Qara Qoyunlu, Germiyanids, Beylik of Karaman, Blue Horde, Beylik of Isfendiyar, Beylik of Teke, Beylik of Dulkadir, Ramadanid Emirate, Beylik of Saruhan, Despotate of Vidin, Beylik of Aydin, Principality of Wallachia, Serbian Empire, Beylik of Menteshe, Despotate of Arta.

Gone by 1400: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Allegiance of Chagatai Khanate to Yuan Dynasty, Second Bulgarian Empire, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Thessaly, Duchy of Athens, Kingdom of Serbia, Despotate of Epirus, Duchy of the Archipelago.

Read the history of 1300

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the Middle East in 1300?

The map data draws 24 states and other polities in the Middle East in 1300. The largest by land were the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, the Mamluk Sultanate, the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, the Rasulid Dynasty and the Byzantine Empire.

What was the largest empire in the Middle East in 1300?

Of the states on this map, the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty held the most land in total: about 24.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the Middle East in 1300 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1300, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Middle East in other years

Other regions in 1300