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Historical map · 1100

Map of the Middle East in 1100

In 1100, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 22 states, empires and other polities in the Middle East. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Great Seljuk Empire, the Fatimid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire.

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the Middle East in 1100. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1100 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1100
Atlas map: The First Crusade (1099)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE CRUSADES, CHAPTER 2: THE FIRST CRUSADE (1099)

States and empires in the Middle East in 1100

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Great Seljuk Empire Wikipedia2.5 million km²3.0 million km²1040–1201
Fatimid Caliphate Wikipedia744,000 km²808,000 km²911–1176
Byzantine Empire Wikipedia547,000 km²702,000 km²633–1474
Khwarezmid Dynasty Wikipedia407,000 km²613,000 km²1094–1201
Ghaznavid Empire Wikipedia337,000 km²1.2 million km²962–1209
Hamdanid Emirates Wikipedia239,000 km²239,000 km²936–1259
Makuria Wikipedia213,000 km²213,000 km²347–1518
Najahid Dynasty Wikipedia205,000 km²205,000 km²1066–1168
Kimek-Kipchak confederation Wikipedia143,000 km²3.0 million km²750–1235
Sultanate of Rum Wikipedia129,000 km²129,000 km²1094–1313
Alodia Wikipedia124,000 km²124,000 km²347–1506
Uyunid Emirate Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²1072–1235
Danishmendids Wikipedia71,000 km²71,000 km²1094–1187
Kingdom of Georgia Wikipedia61,000 km²61,000 km²1010–1802
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Wikipedia21,000 km²21,000 km²1099–1374
County of Edessa Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²1099–1151
Kingdom of Jerusalem Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²1099–1293
Zagwe dynasty Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²947–1271
Ziyadid dynasty Wikipedia8,300 km²8,300 km²866–1138
Principality of Antioch Wikipedia7,610 km²7,610 km²1099–1271
Halych-Volhynia occupation Wikipedia7,400 km²406,000 km²1056–1351
Zurayid dynasty Wikipedia3,320 km²3,320 km²1085–1176

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1000

New on the map: Great Seljuk Empire, Khwarezmid Dynasty, Najahid Dynasty, Kimek-Kipchak confederation, Sultanate of Rum, Uyunid Emirate, Danishmendids, Kingdom of Georgia, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, County of Edessa, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Principality of Antioch, Halych-Volhynia occupation, Zurayid dynasty.

Gone from the map: Buyid Dynasty, Oghuz Turks, First Bulgarian Empire, Seljuk Dynasty, Georgia, Bagratid Armenia, Shirvan, Kingdom of Vaspurakan, Kara-Khanids, Qarmatians.

What comes next: 1200

Appear by 1200: Ayyubid Sultanate, Ghurid Dynasty, Kara-Khitans, Mahdids, Second Bulgarian Empire, Shirvan, Kingdom of Cyprus, County of Tripoli.

Gone by 1200: Fatimid Caliphate, Ghaznavid Empire, Najahid Dynasty, Danishmendids, County of Edessa, Ziyadid dynasty, Zurayid dynasty.

Read the history of 1100

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the Middle East in 1100?

The map data draws 22 states and other polities in the Middle East in 1100. The largest by land were the Great Seljuk Empire, the Fatimid Caliphate, the Byzantine Empire, the Khwarezmid Dynasty and the Ghaznavid Empire.

What was the largest empire in the Middle East in 1100?

Of the states on this map, the Great Seljuk Empire held the most land in total: about 3.0 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the Middle East in 1100 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1100, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Middle East in other years

Other regions in 1100