59 maps · 2000 BC to 2020
Historical maps of the Middle East: 2000 BC to 2020
Every state and empire in the Middle East, year by year, from 2000 BC to 2020. Pick a year to see which states held the land, which ones were new since the year before, and the atlas chapters that tell their story. Each year opens on the interactive map, where you can move through every year between them and ask the history guide what happened.
2000 BC4 states · Elam, the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and the Sumerian City-States1500 BC10 states · the New Kingdom of Egypt, Mitanni and Babylonia1000 BC10 states · the New Kingdom of Egypt, the Kingdom of Kush and Greek Dark Ages750 BC14 states · the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Kingdom of Kush and the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt500 BC7 states · the Achaemenid Empire, the Kingdom of Kush and Hadhramaut323 BC14 states · the Macedonian Empire, the Kingdom of Kush and the Kingdom of Armenia200 BC21 states · the Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kush100 BC20 states · the Parthian Empire, the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Indo-ScythiansAD 122 states · the Parthian Empire, the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Kush10017 states · the Parthian Empire, the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Kush20016 states · the Parthian Empire, the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Kush30013 states · the Sasanian Empire, the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Kush40015 states · the Allegiance of Kidarites to Sasanian Empire, the Sasanian Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire50013 states · the Sasanian Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Allegiance of Ostrogothic Kingdom to Eastern Roman Empire60011 states · the Sasanian Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Axum70013 states · the Umayyad Caliphate, the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria and Makuria80010 states · the Abbasid Caliphate, the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria and Makuria90021 states · the Allegiance of Ziyadid dynasty to Abbasid Caliphate, the Abbasid Caliphate and the Alliance between Samanid Empire and Ziyadid dynasty100018 states · the Fatimid Caliphate, the Ghaznavid Empire and the Buyid Dynasty110022 states · the Great Seljuk Empire, the Fatimid Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire120023 states · the Ayyubid Sultanate, the Ghurid Dynasty and the Great Seljuk Empire130024 states · the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty140034 states · the Alliance between Golden Horde and Timurid Empire, the Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire and the Timurid Empire144428 states · the Vassalage of Qara Qoyunlu to Timurid Empire, the Timurid Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate145329 states · the Vassalage of Qara Qoyunlu to Timurid Empire, the Timurid Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate149227 states · Aq Qoyunlu, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Timurid Empire150027 states · Aq Qoyunlu, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Timurid Empire155020 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate160014 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate164822 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate170021 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate175026 states · the Ottoman Empire, Afsharid Iran and the Funj Sultanate177626 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Zand Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate178927 states · the Ottoman Empire, the Zand Dynasty and the Funj Sultanate180025 states · the Ottoman Empire, Qajar Iran and the Emirate of Diriyah181524 states · the Ottoman Empire, Qajar Iran and the Emirate of Diriyah183026 states · the Ottoman Empire, Muhammad Ali dynasty and Qajar Iran185024 states · the Ottoman Empire, Muhammad Ali dynasty and Qajar Iran187125 states · the Ottoman Empire, Khedivate of Egypt and Qajar Iran188022 states · Khedivate of Egypt, the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran190023 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Ottoman Empire191021 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Ottoman Empire191422 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Ottoman Empire191829 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and Qajar Iran192025 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and Qajar Iran193022 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd193823 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia193923 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia194024 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia194223 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia194521 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia195024 states · the British Empire, the British Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia196025 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and Pahlavi Iran197030 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and Pahlavi Iran198034 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and the Islamic Republic of Iran199032 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and the Islamic Republic of Iran200043 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and the Islamic Republic of Iran201043 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and the Islamic Republic of Iran202045 states · the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Sudan and the Islamic Republic of Iran
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About these borders
The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.