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Historical map · 1910

Map of the Middle East in 1910

In 1910, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 21 states, empires and other polities in the Middle East. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the British Empire, the British Africa and the Ottoman Empire. The British Empire reached well beyond the Middle East: its whole territory measured about 29.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the Middle East in 1910. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1910 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1910
Atlas map: Bismarck’s Europe and the Two Blocs (Aug 1907)
FROM THE ATLAS · WWI, CHAPTER 1: BISMARCK’S EUROPE AND THE TWO BLOCS (AUG 1907)

States and empires in the Middle East in 1910

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
British Empire Wikipedia3.8 million km²29.1 million km²1706–1999
British Africa Wikipedia3.3 million km²8.2 million km²1885–1960
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia2.1 million km²2.2 million km²1305–1923
Qajar Iran Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1788–1923
Russian Empire Wikipedia997,000 km²22.2 million km²1721–1916
United Kingdom Wikipedia404,000 km²745,000 km²1709–2024
Emirate of Nejd Wikipedia376,000 km²376,000 km²1824–1925
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia343,000 km²1.1 million km²1272–1935
Emirate of Afghanistan Wikipedia185,000 km²644,000 km²1828–1925
Italian Africa Wikipedia163,000 km²590,000 km²1890–1943
French Third Republic Wikipedia144,000 km²12.2 million km²1871–1939
French Africa Wikipedia144,000 km²10.2 million km²1846–1957
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman Wikipedia127,000 km²127,000 km²1900–1969
Kingdom of Bulgaria Wikipedia98,000 km²100,000 km²1909–1946
Ottoman Tripolitania Wikipedia96,000 km²881,000 km²1840–1911
Emirate of Jabal Shammar Wikipedia84,000 km²84,000 km²1825–1921
British Raj Wikipedia82,000 km²4.9 million km²1859–1947
Greece Wikipedia45,000 km²70,000 km²1822–1940
Wadai Empire Wikipedia24,000 km²280,000 km²1636–1910
Romania Wikipedia8,350 km²130,000 km²1859–1916
Serbia Wikipedia7,460 km²50,000 km²1805–1915

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1900

New on the map: Emirate of Nejd, Kingdom of Bulgaria.

Gone from the map: Principality of Bulgaria, Cretan State, Qatar, Kingdom of Italy.

What comes next: 1914

Appear by 1914: Imamate of Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Italy.

Gone by 1914: Ottoman Tripolitania, Wadai Empire.

Read the history of 1910

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the Middle East in 1910?

The map data draws 21 states and other polities in the Middle East in 1910. The largest by land were the British Empire, the British Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire.

What was the largest empire in the Middle East in 1910?

Of the states on this map, the British Empire held the most land in total: about 29.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the Middle East in 1910 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1910, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Middle East in other years

Other regions in 1910