58 maps · 1500 BC to 2020
Historical maps of Europe: 1500 BC to 2020
Every state and empire in Europe, year by year, from 1500 BC to 2020. Pick a year to see which states held the land, which ones were new since the year before, and the atlas chapters that tell their story. Each year opens on the interactive map, where you can move through every year between them and ask the history guide what happened.
1500 BC7 states · Mitanni, Hittites and Mycenaean Greece1000 BC7 states · Greek Dark Ages, Assyria and Neo-Hittite states750 BC9 states · the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Kingdom of Urartu and Phrygia500 BC8 states · the Achaemenid Empire, Scythia and the Greek City-States323 BC13 states · the Macedonian Empire, Scythia and Carthage200 BC17 states · the Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, the Roman Republic and Carthage100 BC13 states · the Roman Republic, the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of NumidiaAD 118 states · the Roman Empire, Mauretania and the Parthian Empire10012 states · the Roman Empire, the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia20013 states · the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Armenia and the Parthian Empire30014 states · the Roman Empire, Gothia and the Kingdom of Armenia40016 states · the Western Roman Empire, Huns and the Eastern Roman Empire50022 states · the Allegiance of Ostrogothic Kingdom to Eastern Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire and the Visigothic Kingdom60034 states · the Eastern Roman Empire, Avar Khaganate and the Kingdom of the Franks70034 states · the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria, the Umayyad Caliphate and the Visigothic Kingdom80038 states · the Kingdom of the Franks, the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria and the Abbasid Caliphate90068 states · the Carolingian Empire, the Allegiance of East Franks to Carolingian Empire and Kievan Rus'100069 states · Kievan Rus', the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire110082 states · Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire120080 states · Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire and the Almohad Caliphate130094 states · the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, the Holy Roman Empire and the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty140096 states · the Polish-Lithuania Kingdom, the Allegiance of Teutonic Order to Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire144475 states · the Personal union of Polish-Lithuania Kingdom with Kingdom of Hungary, the Kalmar Union and the Polish-Lithuania Kingdom145373 states · the Kalmar Union, the Vassalage of Electorate of Brandenburg to Holy Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire149263 states · the Kalmar Union, House of Jagiellon and the Grand Principality of Moscow150062 states · the Kalmar Union, the Grand Principality of Moscow and House of Jagiellon155049 states · the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia and the Personal union of Spanish Empire with Habsburg Monarchy160033 states · the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth164843 states · the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire170041 states · the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire175048 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Swedish Empire177644 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Swedish Empire178942 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Swedish Empire180039 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Swedish Empire181556 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway183057 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway185054 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway187127 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway188028 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the French Third Republic190028 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the French Third Republic191028 states · the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the French Third Republic191427 states · the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic and the Ottoman Empire191834 states · Russian SFSR (Soviet Russia), the German Empire and the French Third Republic192040 states · the Republics of the Soviet Union, the French Third Republic and the Ottoman Empire193039 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Third Republic and the Republic of Turkey193838 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Third Republic and the Republic of Turkey193935 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Third Republic and the Republic of Turkey194029 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Nazi Germany and Vichy France194224 states · Nazi Germany, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Vichy France194534 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Fourth Republic and the Republic of Turkey195038 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Fourth Republic and the Republic of Turkey196039 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the French Fifth Republic and the Republic of Turkey197042 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Republic of Turkey and the French Fifth Republic198043 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Republic of Turkey and the French Fifth Republic199044 states · the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Republic of Turkey and the French Fifth Republic200058 states · the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and Ukraine201059 states · the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and Ukraine202060 states · the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and Ukraine
Other regions
About these borders
The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.