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Historical map · 1100

Map of Europe in 1100

In 1100, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 82 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. The Great Seljuk Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 3.0 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1100. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1100 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1100
Atlas map: The First Crusade (1099)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE CRUSADES, CHAPTER 2: THE FIRST CRUSADE (1099)

States and empires in Europe in 1100

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Kievan Rus' Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²880–1240
Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia881,000 km²1.8 million km²922–1806
Byzantine Empire Wikipedia702,000 km²702,000 km²633–1474
Great Seljuk Empire Wikipedia537,000 km²3.0 million km²1040–1201
Kimek-Kipchak confederation Wikipedia435,000 km²3.0 million km²750–1235
Halych-Volhynia occupation Wikipedia406,000 km²406,000 km²1056–1351
Almoravid Dynasty Wikipedia386,000 km²1.9 million km²1056–1205
Novgorod Republic Wikipedia377,000 km²377,000 km²1056–1481
Allegiance of Duchy of Aquitaine to Kingdom of France Wikipedia366,000 km²508,000 km²990–1439
Kingdom of France Wikipedia366,000 km²388,000 km²990–1848
Kingdom of Hungary Wikipedia342,000 km²342,000 km²1000–1546
Old Kingdom of Norway Wikipedia296,000 km²296,000 km²866–1401
Kingdom of Castile Wikipedia257,000 km²257,000 km²961–1235
Hamdanid Emirates Wikipedia208,000 km²239,000 km²936–1259
Kingdom of Poland Wikipedia200,000 km²400,000 km²962–1449
Principality of Chernigov Wikipedia200,000 km²200,000 km²1056–1240
Kingdom of England Wikipedia200,000 km²200,000 km²936–1708
Norman England Wikipedia186,000 km²186,000 km²1072–1168
Principality of Rostov-Suzdal Wikipedia169,000 km²169,000 km²1056–1486
Principality of Kiev Wikipedia147,000 km²147,000 km²1056–1240
Kingdom of Sweden Wikipedia145,000 km²145,000 km²980–2024
Principality of Polotsky Wikipedia132,000 km²132,000 km²1056–1249
Sultanate of Rum Wikipedia129,000 km²129,000 km²1094–1313
Principality of Smolensk Wikipedia116,000 km²116,000 km²1056–1406
Icelandic Commonwealth Wikipedia111,000 km²111,000 km²936–1271
Principality of Pereyaslavl Wikipedia95,000 km²95,000 km²1056–1240
Kingdom of Denmark Wikipedia82,000 km²164,000 km²936–1406
Principality of Volhynia Wikipedia82,000 km²82,000 km²1056–1201
Norman Italy Wikipedia79,000 km²79,000 km²1034–1138
Danishmendids Wikipedia71,000 km²71,000 km²1094–1187
Principality of Ryazan Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²1094–1520
Kingdom of Alba Wikipedia59,000 km²59,000 km²900–1293
Principality of Terebovlia Wikipedia57,000 km²57,000 km²1085–1146
Kingdom of Georgia Wikipedia57,000 km²61,000 km²1010–1802
County of Toulouse Wikipedia53,000 km²53,000 km²990–1249
Taifas of Iberia Wikipedia53,000 km²53,000 km²1010–1249
Principality of Peremyshl Wikipedia48,000 km²48,000 km²1056–1146
Duchy of Brittany Wikipedia37,000 km²37,000 km²947–1491
County of Blôis Wikipedia33,000 km²33,000 km²990–1401
Hammadid Dynasty Wikipedia33,000 km²33,000 km²1018–1151

Also on the map: Zirid dynasty, Taifa of Zaragoza, Jaemtland, County of Champagne, Kingdom of Aragon, Viking settlements, Taifa of Dénia, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Grand Principality of Serbia, County of Vermandois, Kingdom of Arles, Brythonic Kingdoms, County of Flanders, County of Edessa, Papal States, Kingdom of the Isles, Republic of Pisa, County of Maine, County of Anjou, County of Nevers, Giudicato of Cagliari, Kingdom of Duklja, Taifa of Albarracín, Giudicato of Logudoro, Principality of Antioch, County of Barcelona, Republic of Venice, Taifa of Tortosa, Kingdom of Gwynedd, County of Berga, Giudicato of Gallura, Kingdom of Powys, County of Urgell, Republic of Genoa, County of Rosellón, Giudicato of Arborea, County of Pallars Sobirà, Taifa of Alpuente, County of Pallars Jussà, County of Osona, County of Ampuria, Duchy of Naples.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1000

New on the map: Great Seljuk Empire, Kimek-Kipchak confederation, Halych-Volhynia occupation, Almoravid Dynasty, Novgorod Republic, Principality of Chernigov, Norman England, Principality of Rostov-Suzdal, Principality of Kiev, Principality of Polotsky, Sultanate of Rum, Principality of Smolensk, Principality of Pereyaslavl, Principality of Volhynia, Norman Italy, Danishmendids, Principality of Ryazan, Principality of Terebovlia, Kingdom of Georgia, Taifas of Iberia, Principality of Peremyshl, Hammadid Dynasty, Zirid dynasty, Taifa of Zaragoza, Kingdom of Aragon, Taifa of Dénia, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Grand Principality of Serbia, County of Edessa, Kingdom of the Isles and others.

Gone from the map: Caliphate of Córdoba, Fatimid Caliphate, First Bulgarian Empire, Kingdom of León, Kingdom of Croatia, Duchy of Bohemia, Georgia, Scandinavian minor kingdoms, Buyid Dynasty, Duchy of Gascony, Kingdom of Vaspurakan, Duchy of Normandy, Bagratid Armenia, County of Rouergue, County of Ribagorza, Emirate of Sicily, Duchy of Benevento, Strathclyde, Emirate of Nekor, Barghawata Conference, Principality of Salerno, County of Pallars, County of Vexin, Kingdom of Brycheiniog, Kingdom of Morgannwg, Kingdom of Gwent, Principality of Capua.

What comes next: 1200

Appear by 1200: Almohad Caliphate, Angevin Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, Duchies of Poland, Duchy of Sandomierz, Second Bulgarian Empire, Kingdom of León, Principality of Halych, Kingdom of Sicily, Principality of Turov and Pinsk, Crown of Aragon, Kingdom of Portugal, Principality of Minsk, Kingdom of Serbia, Duchy of Silesia, Duchy of Greater Poland, Banate of Bosnia, Principality of Jersika, Kingdom of Navarre, Principality of Drutsk, Kingdom of Cyprus, Duchy of Kuyavia, Duchy of Opole, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Kingdom of Powys Wenwynwyn, Principality of Koknese, Kingdom of Powys Fadog, County of Boulogne.

Gone by 1200: Allegiance of Duchy of Aquitaine to Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Poland, Norman England, Principality of Polotsky, Norman Italy, Danishmendids, Principality of Terebovlia, Taifas of Iberia, Principality of Peremyshl, Duchy of Brittany, Hammadid Dynasty, Zirid dynasty, Taifa of Zaragoza, Jaemtland, Kingdom of Aragon, Taifa of Dénia, Grand Principality of Serbia, County of Edessa, County of Maine, County of Anjou, Giudicato of Cagliari, Kingdom of Duklja, Taifa of Albarracín, County of Barcelona, Taifa of Tortosa, Kingdom of Powys, County of Rosellón, Taifa of Alpuente, County of Pallars Jussà, County of Osona and others.

Read the history of 1100

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1100?

The map data draws 82 states and other polities in Europe in 1100. The largest by land were Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Great Seljuk Empire and Kimek-Kipchak confederation.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1100?

Of the states on this map, the Great Seljuk Empire held the most land in total: about 3.0 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1100 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1100, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1100