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Historical map · 1300

Map of Europe in 1300

In 1300, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 94 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, the Holy Roman Empire and the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty. The Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 24.1 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1300. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1300 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1300
Atlas map: The Long Shadow (1295)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE MONGOL EMPIRE, CHAPTER 12: THE LONG SHADOW (1295)

States and empires in Europe in 1300

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty Wikipedia1.4 million km²24.1 million km²1294–1695
Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia997,000 km²1.6 million km²922–1806
Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty Wikipedia799,000 km²22.1 million km²1294–1343
Novgorod Republic Wikipedia493,000 km²493,000 km²1056–1481
Kingdom of France Wikipedia465,000 km²707,000 km²990–1848
Old Kingdom of Norway Wikipedia411,000 km²437,000 km²866–1401
Crown of Castile Wikipedia353,000 km²353,000 km²1236–1515
Kingdom of Hungary Wikipedia333,000 km²333,000 km²1000–1546
Byzantine Empire Wikipedia251,000 km²251,000 km²633–1474
Kingdom of England Wikipedia224,000 km²448,000 km²936–1708
Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal Wikipedia200,000 km²214,000 km²1056–1486
Kingdom of Sweden Wikipedia198,000 km²198,000 km²980–2024
Duchies of Poland Wikipedia175,000 km²230,000 km²1139–1304
Hafsid Dynasty Wikipedia171,000 km²224,000 km²1236–1571
Principality of Smolensk Wikipedia150,000 km²150,000 km²1056–1406
Mamluk Sultanate Wikipedia148,000 km²1.5 million km²1241–1518
Galicia-Volhynia Wikipedia132,000 km²132,000 km²1056–1351
Zayyanid dynasty Wikipedia126,000 km²126,000 km²1236–1555
Almohad Caliphate Wikipedia125,000 km²389,000 km²1139–1343
Crown of Aragon Wikipedia122,000 km²122,000 km²1169–1515
Teutonic Order Wikipedia112,000 km²112,000 km²1236–1525
Kingdom of Bohemia Wikipedia107,000 km²214,000 km²1202–1528
Kingdom of Denmark Wikipedia100,000 km²201,000 km²936–1406
Second Bulgarian Empire Wikipedia100,000 km²100,000 km²1188–1394
Principality of Minsk Wikipedia98,000 km²98,000 km²1111–1313
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia92,000 km²92,000 km²1147–1911
Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wikipedia91,000 km²91,000 km²1220–1449
Kingdom of Scotland Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²1294–1608
Kingdom of Serbia Wikipedia79,000 km²79,000 km²1188–1884
Kingdom of Naples Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1285–1501
Principality of Pinsk Wikipedia63,000 km²63,000 km²1188–1325
House of Habsburg Wikipedia59,000 km²59,000 km²1260–1515
Capetian House of Anjou Wikipedia50,000 km²50,000 km²1250–1384
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Wikipedia44,000 km²44,000 km²1099–1374
Margraviate of Brandenburg Wikipedia41,000 km²41,000 km²1260–1618
Papal States Wikipedia39,000 km²39,000 km²755–1870
Duchy of Brittany Wikipedia37,000 km²37,000 km²947–1491
Duchy of Bavaria Wikipedia35,000 km²35,000 km²1260–1805
Duchy of Masovia Wikipedia31,000 km²31,000 km²1139–1351
Emirate of Granada Wikipedia31,000 km²31,000 km²1241–1491

Also on the map: County of Flanders, House of Ascania, Republic of Pisa, Republic of Genoa, Duchy of Greater Poland, Duchy of Sandomierz, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Syrmia, Pskov Republic, Viking settlements, Kingdom of Arles, Despotate of Epirus, County of Auvergne, Banate of Bosnia, Republic of Venice, Duchy of Silesia, House of Wittelsbach, County of Savoy, Empire of Trebizond, Principality of Achaea, Thessaly, County of Nevers, Duchy of Brabant, Kingdom of Majorca, Kingdom of Cyprus, Grand Principality of Moscow, Republic of Florence, County of Touraine, Principality of Beloozero, Duchy of Aquitaine, Dauphiné, County of Foix, County of Périgord, County of Holland, Duchy of Athens, Patriarchate of Aquileia, County of Artois, Tver, County of Armagnac, Duchy of Opole, House of Luxembourg, Nizhny Novgorod, Giudicato of Arborea, County of Blôis, Duchy of Racibórz, Duchy of Głogów, Swiss Confederation, Duchy of Legnica, Comtat Venaissin, Duchy of Bytom, Duchy of the Archipelago, Duchy of Jawor, County of Ampuria, County of Urgell.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1200

New on the map: Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Crown of Castile, Hafsid Dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, Zayyanid dynasty, Teutonic Order, Kingdom of Bohemia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Naples, House of Habsburg, Capetian House of Anjou, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Duchy of Brittany, Duchy of Bavaria, Duchy of Masovia, Emirate of Granada, House of Ascania, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Syrmia, Pskov Republic, Despotate of Epirus, County of Auvergne, House of Wittelsbach, County of Savoy, Empire of Trebizond, Principality of Achaea, Thessaly, Duchy of Brabant and others.

Gone from the map: Kievan Rus', Kimek-Kipchak confederation, Angevin Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, Sultanate of Rum, Principality of Chernigov, Kingdom of León, Icelandic Commonwealth, Kingdom of Castile, Principality of Halych, Principality of Pereyaslavl, Kingdom of Sicily, Kingdom of Georgia, Principality of Volhynia, Principality of Kiev, Hamdanid Emirates, Great Seljuk Empire, Principality of Ryazan, Kingdom of Alba, County of Toulouse, County of Champagne, Principality of Jersika, Kingdom of Navarre, Principality of Drutsk, County of Vermandois, Brythonic Kingdoms, County of Berga, Giudicato of Logudoro, Almoravid Dynasty, Duchy of Kuyavia and others.

What comes next: 1400

Appear by 1400: Polish-Lithuania Kingdom, Blue Horde, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Poland, Qara Qoyunlu, Vassalage of Kingdom of Georgia to Timurid Empire, Marinid Sultanate, Germiyanids, Jalayirid Sultanate, Principality of Moldavia, Beylik of Karaman, Timurid Empire, Principality of Wallachia, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of Bosnia, Serbian Empire, Beylik of Isfendiyar, House of Valois-Anjou, Beylik of Teke, Beylik of Dulkadir, Serbian Despots, Ramadanid Emirate, Margraviate of Moravia, Earldom of Desmond, Electorate of Trier, Despotate of Vidin, Beylik of Saruhan, House of Bourbon, Albanian Principalities, Despotate of Arta and others.

Gone by 1400: Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Duchies of Poland, Galicia-Volhynia, Almohad Caliphate, Second Bulgarian Empire, Principality of Minsk, Kingdom of Serbia, Principality of Pinsk, Capetian House of Anjou, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Duchy of Masovia, County of Flanders, Duchy of Greater Poland, Duchy of Sandomierz, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Syrmia, Viking settlements, Kingdom of Arles, Banate of Bosnia, Duchy of Silesia, House of Wittelsbach, Thessaly, County of Nevers, Kingdom of Majorca, Principality of Beloozero, Dauphiné, County of Holland, Duchy of Athens, County of Artois, Duchy of Opole and others.

Read the history of 1300

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1300?

The map data draws 94 states and other polities in Europe in 1300. The largest by land were the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, the Holy Roman Empire, the Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, the Novgorod Republic and the Kingdom of France.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1300?

Of the states on this map, the Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty held the most land in total: about 24.1 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1300 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1300, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1300