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Historical map · 100 BC

Map of the World in 100 BC

In 100 BC, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 38 states, empires and other polities in the world. By the land they held , the largest were Xiongnu, the Han Dynasty and the Parthian Empire.

See this map live. The interactive map opens on the World in 100 BC. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 100 BC ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 100 BC
Atlas map: The Republic Breaks (62 Bc)
FROM THE ATLAS · ROME, CHAPTER 4: THE REPUBLIC BREAKS (62 BC)

States and empires in the World in 100 BC

StateTerritoryWhole stateIn the data
Xiongnu Wikipedia3.3 million km²3.3 million km²208 BC–AD 153
Han Dynasty Wikipedia3.2 million km²3.2 million km²202 BC–AD 1201
Parthian Empire Wikipedia2.2 million km²2.2 million km²239 BC–AD 237
Roman Republic1.2 million km²1.2 million km²500 BC–32 BC
Shunga Empire Wikipedia1.1 million km²1.1 million km²170 BC–67 BC
Indo-Scythians Wikipedia860,000 km²860,000 km²144 BC–AD 282
Satavahana Dynasty Wikipedia660,000 km²660,000 km²225 BC–AD 223
Indo-Greeks Wikipedia597,000 km²597,000 km²126 BC–AD 13
Ptolemaic Kingdom Wikipedia567,000 km²567,000 km²331 BC–28 BC
Yuezhi Wikipedia461,000 km²461,000 km²404 BC–AD 42
Kingdom of Kush Wikipedia337,000 km²337,000 km²1000 BC–AD 346
Kingdom of Numidia Wikipedia307,000 km²307,000 km²197 BC–47 BC
Minaeans215,000 km²215,000 km²383 BC–26 BC
Kingdom of Pontus Wikipedia214,000 km²214,000 km²281 BC–AD 67
Mayan City-States Wikipedia199,000 km²199,000 km²247 BC–AD 1546
Kingdom of Armenia Wikipedia132,000 km²132,000 km²326 BC–AD 646
Nabataeans Wikipedia126,000 km²126,000 km²164 BC–AD 105
Cyrenaica Wikipedia116,000 km²116,000 km²331 BC–92 BC
Korean Jin Wikipedia113,000 km²113,000 km²197 BC–92 BC
Seleucid Empire Wikipedia92,000 km²92,000 km²318 BC–64 BC
Greek City-States Wikipedia89,000 km²89,000 km²800 BC–AD 83
Kingdom of Cappadocia Wikipedia89,000 km²89,000 km²239 BC–AD 22
Hadhramaut Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²700 BC–AD 305
Gojoseon Wikipedia81,000 km²81,000 km²197 BC–92 BC
Anurādhapura Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²291 BC–AD 1017
Himyarite Kingdom Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²110 BC–AD 601
Mauretania Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²212 BC–AD 42
Dayuan (Ferghana)51,000 km²51,000 km²110 BC–AD 50
Sabaeans Wikipedia35,000 km²35,000 km²800 BC–AD 282
Early Pandyas Wikipedia33,000 km²33,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Kingdom of Bithynia Wikipedia30,000 km²30,000 km²333 BC–67 BC
Early Cholas Wikipedia29,000 km²29,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Early Cheras25,000 km²25,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Cimmerian Bosporus Wikipedia25,000 km²25,000 km²404 BC–AD 372
Kingdom of Sophene Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²256 BC–AD 113
Judea Wikipedia16,000 km²16,000 km²144 BC–AD 5
Qataban Wikipedia12,000 km²12,000 km²350 BC–AD 183
Zapotec Civilization Wikipedia6,470 km²6,470 km²500 BC–AD 895

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 200 BC

New on the map: Shunga Empire, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Greeks, Kingdom of Numidia, Kingdom of Armenia, Nabataeans, Cyrenaica, Korean Jin, Gojoseon, Himyarite Kingdom, Dayuan (Ferghana), Judea.

Gone from the map: Maurya Empire, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Nanyue, Minyue, Atropatene, Carthage, Antigonid Macedonia, Kalinga, Galatia, Kingdom of Pergamon, Paphlagonia, Achaean League, Aetolian League.

What comes next: AD 1

Appear by AD 1: Roman Empire, Indo-Parthians, Wusun, Kingdom of Axum, Goguryeo, Thracian Kingdom, Kingdom of Osroene, Caucasian Albania, Mahan, Caucasian Iberia, Dong-okjeo, Dongye, Lazica, Jinhan, Kingdom of Gordyene, Kingdom of Adiabene, Byeonhan, Kingdom of Commagene, Teotihuacan.

Gone by AD 1: Roman Republic, Shunga Empire, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Kingdom of Numidia, Minaeans, Cyrenaica, Korean Jin, Seleucid Empire, Gojoseon, Sabaeans, Kingdom of Bithynia, Qataban.

Read the history of 100 BC

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in the World in 100 BC?

The map data draws 38 states and other polities in the World in 100 BC. The largest by land were Xiongnu, the Han Dynasty, the Parthian Empire, the Roman Republic and the Shunga Empire.

What was the largest empire in the world in 100 BC?

Of the states on this map, Xiongnu held the most land in total: about 3.3 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore the World in 100 BC interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 100 BC, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

World in other years

Other regions in 100 BC