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Historical map · 100

Map of Asia in 100

In 100, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 36 states, empires and other polities in Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Alliance between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu, the Parthian Empire and the Kushan Empire. The Alliance between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu reached well beyond Asia: its whole territory measured about 10.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Asia in 100. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 100 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 100

States and empires in Asia in 100

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Alliance between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu Wikipedia6.0 million km²10.6 million km²202 BC–AD 1201
Parthian Empire Wikipedia2.7 million km²2.7 million km²239 BC–AD 237
Kushan Empire Wikipedia1.7 million km²1.7 million km²43–346
Xiongnu Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²208 BC–AD 153
Roman Empire Wikipedia1.4 million km²4.3 million km²31 BC–AD 632
Xianbei Wikipedia996,000 km²996,000 km²60–237
Satavahana Dynasty Wikipedia893,000 km²893,000 km²225 BC–AD 223
Kingdom of Kush Wikipedia337,000 km²337,000 km²1000 BC–AD 346
Himyarite Kingdom Wikipedia336,000 km²336,000 km²110 BC–AD 601
Western Satraps Wikipedia328,000 km²328,000 km²43–489
Funan Wikipedia246,000 km²246,000 km²51–640
Kingdom of Armenia Wikipedia218,000 km²218,000 km²326 BC–AD 646
Indo-Scythians Wikipedia122,000 km²122,000 km²144 BC–AD 282
Pyu City-States Wikipedia117,000 km²117,000 km²84–1045
Kingdom of Axum Wikipedia97,000 km²97,000 km²50 BC–AD 946
Goguryeo Wikipedia95,000 km²95,000 km²36 BC–AD 681
Nabataeans Wikipedia91,000 km²91,000 km²164 BC–AD 105
Hadhramaut Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²700 BC–AD 305
Anurādhapura Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²291 BC–AD 1017
Kingdom of Osroene Wikipedia50,000 km²50,000 km²63 BC–AD 214
Caucasian Albania Wikipedia50,000 km²50,000 km²63 BC–AD 509
Mahan Wikipedia50,000 km²50,000 km²91 BC–AD 346
Cimmerian Bosporus Wikipedia40,000 km²40,000 km²404 BC–AD 372
Wusun Wikipedia40,000 km²40,000 km²170 BC–AD 450
Caucasian Iberia Wikipedia36,000 km²36,000 km²63 BC–AD 533
Early Pandyas Wikipedia33,000 km²33,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Dong-okjeo Wikipedia32,000 km²32,000 km²36 BC–AD 153
Dongye Wikipedia29,000 km²29,000 km²91 BC–AD 391
Early Cholas Wikipedia29,000 km²29,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Early Cheras25,000 km²25,000 km²291 BC–AD 305
Kingdom of Sophene Wikipedia24,000 km²24,000 km²256 BC–AD 113
Jinhan Wikipedia24,000 km²24,000 km²91 BC–AD 377
Lazica Wikipedia18,000 km²18,000 km²63 BC–AD 777
Kingdom of Gordyene Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²63 BC–AD 259
Kingdom of Adiabene Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²63 BC–AD 370
Byeonhan Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²91 BC–AD 566

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since AD 1

New on the map: Kushan Empire, Xianbei, Western Satraps, Funan, Pyu City-States.

Gone from the map: Indo-Parthians, Yuezhi, Kingdom of Cappadocia, Kingdom of Pontus, Indo-Greeks, Thracian Kingdom, Dayuan (Ferghana), Judea, Greek City-States, Kingdom of Commagene.

What comes next: 200

Appear by 200: Protectorate of the Western Regions, Cao Cao, Sabaeans, Huns.

Gone by 200: Xiongnu, Nabataeans, Dong-okjeo, Kingdom of Sophene.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Asia in 100?

The map data draws 36 states and other polities in Asia in 100. The largest by land were the Alliance between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu, the Parthian Empire, the Kushan Empire, Xiongnu and the Roman Empire.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 100?

Of the states on this map, the Alliance between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu held the most land in total: about 10.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Asia in 100 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 100, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Asia in other years

Other regions in 100