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Historical map · 1815

Map of Asia in 1815

In 1815, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 73 states, empires and other polities in Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The Spanish Empire reached well beyond Asia: its whole territory measured about 17.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Asia in 1815. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1815 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1815

States and empires in Asia in 1815

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia15.1 million km²17.3 million km²1721–1916
Qing Dynasty Wikipedia12.5 million km²12.5 million km²1645–1911
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia1.9 million km²2.2 million km²1305–1923
Kazakh Khanate Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1468–1847
British Empire Wikipedia1.8 million km²6.2 million km²1706–1999
Company rule in India (British East India Company)1.8 million km²3.4 million km²1811–1819
Qajar Iran Wikipedia1.7 million km²1.7 million km²1788–1923
Durrani Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1748–1827
Emirate of Diriyah Wikipedia968,000 km²968,000 km²1744–1819
Maratha Empire Wikipedia857,000 km²857,000 km²1677–1845
Khanate of Khiva Wikipedia737,000 km²737,000 km²1512–1919
Konbaung Dynasty Wikipedia678,000 km²678,000 km²1741–1819
Funj Sultanate Wikipedia629,000 km²629,000 km²1507–1821
Muhammad Ali dynasty Wikipedia606,000 km²606,000 km²1805–1865
Siam Wikipedia432,000 km²432,000 km²1783–1931
Emirate of Bukhara Wikipedia368,000 km²368,000 km²1788–1919
Tokugawa Shogunate Wikipedia363,000 km²363,000 km²1600–1869
Spanish Empire Wikipedia340,000 km²17.6 million km²1516–1931
Netherlands Wikipedia327,000 km²469,000 km²1811–2024
Dutch East Indies Wikipedia327,000 km²327,000 km²1800–1949
Nguyễn dynasty Wikipedia298,000 km²298,000 km²1791–1884
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²1272–1935
Mughal Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²1529–1858
Joseon232,000 km²232,000 km²1395–1897
Khanate of Kokand Wikipedia175,000 km²175,000 km²1709–1876
Vientiane Wikipedia173,000 km²173,000 km²1709–1827
Sultanate of Johor Wikipedia165,000 km²165,000 km²1529–1884
Nepal Wikipedia149,000 km²149,000 km²1775–2024
Sultanate of Darfur Wikipedia149,000 km²296,000 km²1609–1876
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang Wikipedia148,000 km²148,000 km²1709–1894
Kingdom of Cambodia Wikipedia116,000 km²116,000 km²1540–2024
Imamate of Yemen Wikipedia96,000 km²96,000 km²1814–1872
Sultanate of Oman Wikipedia76,000 km²76,000 km²1744–2024
Sultanate of Palembang Wikipedia75,000 km²75,000 km²1459–1821
Sultanate of Brunei Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1363–2024
Sultanate of Sulu Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1459–1879
Chiangmai Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²1775–1884
Omani East Africa (Swahili coast)65,000 km²65,000 km²1814–1855
Sikh Empire Wikipedia63,000 km²63,000 km²1799–1848
Kingdom of Champasak Wikipedia42,000 km²42,000 km²1709–1894

Also on the map: Sultanate of Aceh, Principality of Moldavia, Bhutan, Sultanate of Malacca, Principality of Wallachia, Sultanate of Banjar, Austrian Empire, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Sultanate of Jambi, Portuguese Empire, Sultanate of Perak, Sultanate of Terengganu, Sultanate of Selangor, Sultanate of Sukadana, Sultanate of Kedah, Sultanate of Bima, Principality of Abkhazia, Kelantan, Bali, Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara, Negeri Sembilan, Sultanate of Sambas, Kuwait, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Principality of Guria, Surakarta Sunanate, Đại Việt, Sultanate of Mempawah, Principality of Svaneti, Sultanate of Bone, House of Khalifa, Sultanate of Maguindanao.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1800

New on the map: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Muhammad Ali dynasty, Netherlands, Imamate of Yemen, Omani East Africa (Swahili coast), Austrian Empire, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, House of Khalifa.

Gone from the map: Batavian Republic, Swedish Empire, Tây Sơn dynasty, Qasimids, Carnatic Sultanate, Nawab of Awadh, Sultanate of Banten, Kingdom of Georgia, French Consulate, Habsburg Monarchy, Denmark, British Ceylon, Kingdom of Imereti, Sikh Confederacy, Principality of Mingrelia, French India, Danish India.

What comes next: 1830

Appear by 1830: Emirate of Afghanistan, Emirate of Nejd, Burma, Talpur Dynasty, Riau-Lingga Sultanate, Trucial States, Caucasian Imamate, Qatar, Sultanate of Sambaliung, Greece, French India.

Gone by 1830: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Durrani Empire, Emirate of Diriyah, Konbaung Dynasty, Funj Sultanate, Vientiane, Sultanate of Palembang, Principality of Moldavia, Principality of Wallachia, Sultanate of Kedah, Principality of Abkhazia, Sultanate of Sambas, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Principality of Guria, Surakarta Sunanate, Sultanate of Mempawah.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Asia in 1815?

The map data draws 73 states and other polities in Asia in 1815. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire, the Kazakh Khanate and the British Empire.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 1815?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 17.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Asia in 1815 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1815, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Asia in other years

Other regions in 1815