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Historical map · 1776

Map of Asia in 1776

In 1776, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 92 states, empires and other polities in Asia. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty and the Ottoman Empire. The Spanish Empire reached well beyond Asia: its whole territory measured about 20.2 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Asia in 1776. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1776 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1776

States and empires in Asia in 1776

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia14.2 million km²16.0 million km²1721–1916
Qing Dynasty Wikipedia11.2 million km²11.2 million km²1645–1911
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia2.5 million km²2.9 million km²1305–1923
Kazakh Khanate Wikipedia2.1 million km²2.1 million km²1468–1847
Durrani Empire Wikipedia1.8 million km²1.8 million km²1748–1827
Zand Dynasty Wikipedia1.6 million km²1.6 million km²1748–1793
Maratha Empire Wikipedia1.3 million km²1.3 million km²1677–1845
Tibet Wikipedia1.3 million km²1.3 million km²1363–1952
Funj Sultanate Wikipedia629,000 km²629,000 km²1507–1821
Konbaung Dynasty Wikipedia619,000 km²619,000 km²1741–1819
British Empire Wikipedia507,000 km²3.2 million km²1706–1999
Thonburi Kingdom Wikipedia361,000 km²361,000 km²1769–1782
Spanish Empire Wikipedia340,000 km²20.2 million km²1516–1931
Khanate of Khiva Wikipedia334,000 km²334,000 km²1512–1919
Tokugawa Shogunate Wikipedia329,000 km²329,000 km²1600–1869
Mughal Empire Wikipedia328,000 km²328,000 km²1529–1858
Dutch Republic Wikipedia319,000 km²845,000 km²1582–1795
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Wikipedia300,000 km²531,000 km²1572–1793
Kingdom of Cambodia Wikipedia267,000 km²267,000 km²1540–2024
Khanate of Bukhara Wikipedia266,000 km²266,000 km²1516–1787
Ethiopian Empire Wikipedia241,000 km²241,000 km²1272–1935
Joseon232,000 km²232,000 km²1395–1897
Swedish Empire Wikipedia217,000 km²785,000 km²1612–1814
Hyderabad State Wikipedia185,000 km²185,000 km²1727–1947
Vientiane Wikipedia173,000 km²173,000 km²1709–1827
Sultanate of Johor Wikipedia165,000 km²165,000 km²1529–1884
Kingdom of Luang Phrabang Wikipedia161,000 km²161,000 km²1709–1894
Trịnh lords Wikipedia159,000 km²159,000 km²1572–1787
Qasimids Wikipedia154,000 km²154,000 km²1636–1802
Sultanate of Darfur Wikipedia149,000 km²296,000 km²1609–1876
Carnatic Sultanate Wikipedia125,000 km²125,000 km²1713–1802
Crimean Khanate Wikipedia123,000 km²123,000 km²1450–1782
Sultanate of Oman Wikipedia121,000 km²121,000 km²1744–2024
Nawab of Awadh Wikipedia97,000 km²97,000 km²1727–1802
Gorkha Kingdom Wikipedia92,000 km²92,000 km²1588–1787
Kingdom of Mysore Wikipedia91,000 km²91,000 km²1572–1799
Khanates of the Caucasus Wikipedia88,000 km²88,000 km²1748–1796
Khanate of Kokand Wikipedia86,000 km²86,000 km²1709–1876
Sultanate of Palembang Wikipedia75,000 km²75,000 km²1459–1821
Principality of Moldavia Wikipedia70,000 km²70,000 km²1363–1858

Also on the map: Sultanate of Brunei, Sultanate of Sulu, Emirate of Diriyah, Sultanate of Banten, Sikh Confederacy, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Nepal, Tây Sơn dynasty, Kingdom of Georgia, Chiangmai, Sultanate of Malacca, Kingdom of Champasak, Sultanate of Aceh, Bhutan, Principality of Wallachia, Sultanate of Banjar, Habsburg Monarchy, Denmark, Dutch Ceylon, Sultanate of Jambi, Portuguese Empire, Sultanate of Perak, Sultanate of Terengganu, Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom, Sultanate of Kedah, Sultanate of Selangor, Sultanate of Sukadana, Kingdom of Imereti, Sultanate of Bima, Principality of Abkhazia, Kelantan, Bali, Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara, Negeri Sembilan, Sultanate of Sambas, Kuwait, Principality of Mingrelia, Yogyakarta Sultanate, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Duchy of Courland, Principality of Guria, Surakarta Sunanate, Đại Việt, Sultanate of Mempawah, Principality of Svaneti, Danish India, Sultanate of Bone, English Colonial Empire, Kingdom of France, French India, Bahrain, Sultanate of Maguindanao.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1750

New on the map: Thonburi Kingdom, Sikh Confederacy, Nepal, Tây Sơn dynasty, Chiangmai, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Kuwait, Pontianak Kadriyah Sultanate, Danish India, Bahrain.

Gone from the map: Dzungar Khanate, Afsharid Iran, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Nawabs of Bengal, First Toungoo Empire, Kalmyk Khanate, Astrakhan Khanate, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Nguyễn lords, Sloboda Ukraine, Lan Na, Kingdom of Kakheti, Kathmandu.

What comes next: 1789

Appear by 1789: Qajar Iran, Siam, Emirate of Bukhara, House of Khalifa.

Gone by 1789: Thonburi Kingdom, Khanate of Bukhara, Trịnh lords, Crimean Khanate, Gorkha Kingdom, Kingdom of Mrauk U, English Colonial Empire, Bahrain.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Asia in 1776?

The map data draws 92 states and other polities in Asia in 1776. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Qing Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire, the Kazakh Khanate and the Durrani Empire.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 1776?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 20.2 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Asia in 1776 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1776, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Asia in other years

Other regions in 1776