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Historical map · 1815

Map of Europe in 1815

In 1815, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 56 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. The Spanish Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 17.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1815. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1815 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1815
Atlas map: The Fall (Jun 1815)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS, CHAPTER 9: THE FALL (JUN 1815)

States and empires in Europe in 1815

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia3.3 million km²17.3 million km²1721–1916
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia1.5 million km²2.2 million km²1305–1923
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway Wikipedia798,000 km²799,000 km²1815–1904
Austrian Empire Wikipedia689,000 km²689,000 km²1806–1867
Kingdom of France (Bourbon Restoration) Wikipedia535,000 km²1.3 million km²990–1848
Spanish Empire Wikipedia495,000 km²17.6 million km²1516–1931
Kingdom of Spain Wikipedia495,000 km²495,000 km²1516–2024
United Kingdom Wikipedia342,000 km²342,000 km²1709–2024
German Confederation Wikipedia341,000 km²341,000 km²1815–1867
Company rule in India (British East India Company)341,000 km²3.4 million km²1811–1819
British Empire Wikipedia341,000 km²6.2 million km²1706–1999
Regency of Algiers Wikipedia212,000 km²212,000 km²1706–1845
Denmark Wikipedia180,000 km²180,000 km²1046–1940
Morocco Wikipedia124,000 km²388,000 km²1670–2024
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia92,000 km²15.8 million km²1502–1910
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia92,000 km²96,000 km²1147–1911
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Wikipedia91,000 km²91,000 km²1815–1860
Beylik of Tunis Wikipedia85,000 km²88,000 km²1706–1884
Kingdom of Sardinia Wikipedia78,000 km²78,000 km²1721–1861
Principality of Wallachia Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²1314–1858
Kingdom of Bavaria Wikipedia71,000 km²71,000 km²1806–1870
Netherlands Wikipedia71,000 km²469,000 km²1811–2024
Principality of Moldavia Wikipedia42,000 km²42,000 km²1363–1858
Serbia Wikipedia41,000 km²41,000 km²1805–1915
Swiss Confederation Wikipedia40,000 km²40,000 km²1294–2024
Papal States Wikipedia39,000 km²39,000 km²755–1870
Qajar Iran Wikipedia23,000 km²1.7 million km²1788–1923
Kingdom of Württemberg Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²1806–1870
Grand Duchy of Berg Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²1806–1827
Grand Duchy of Baden Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²1806–1870
Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg11,000 km²11,000 km²1815–1870
Electorate of Hesse Wikipedia10,000 km²10,000 km²1803–1867
Principality of Abkhazia Wikipedia9,740 km²9,740 km²1468–1829
Grand Duchy of Hesse Wikipedia8,470 km²8,470 km²1806–1870
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Wikipedia7,440 km²7,440 km²1815–1859
Duchy of Modena and Reggio Wikipedia6,800 km²6,800 km²1815–1859
Duchy of Nassau Wikipedia5,300 km²5,300 km²1806–1865
Duchy of Oldenburg Wikipedia4,380 km²4,380 km²1806–1870
Duchy of Brunswick Wikipedia4,230 km²4,230 km²1814–1870
Principality of Guria Wikipedia3,770 km²3,770 km²1468–1829

Also on the map: Principality of Reuss-Gera, Septinsular Republic, Free City of Lübeck, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Principality of Svaneti, Saxe-Altenburg, Free City of Krakow, Duchy of Anhalt, Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Free City of Hamburg, Principality of Lippe, Kingdom of Prussia, Principality of Andorra, Free City of Bremen.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1800

New on the map: United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Austrian Empire, Kingdom of France (Bourbon Restoration), German Confederation, Company rule in India (British East India Company), Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Kingdom of Bavaria, Netherlands, Serbia, Swiss Confederation, Kingdom of Württemberg, Grand Duchy of Berg, Grand Duchy of Baden, Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg, Electorate of Hesse, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Duchy of Nassau, Duchy of Oldenburg, Duchy of Brunswick, Principality of Reuss-Gera, Free City of Lübeck, Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Altenburg, Free City of Krakow, Duchy of Anhalt, Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Free City of Hamburg and others.

Gone from the map: Swedish Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, French Consulate, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic), Duchy of Bavaria, Helvetic Republic, Batavian Republic, Electorate of Saxony, Electorate of Hanover, Kingdom of Georgia, Kingdom of Imereti, Cispadane Republic, Principality of Mingrelia, Republic of Ragusa, County of Urgell.

What comes next: 1830

Appear by 1830: Polish insurgents (November Uprising), Greece, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Saxony, Caucasian Imamate, French Algeria, Saxe-Meiningen, Principality of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen.

Gone by 1830: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, Grand Duchy of Berg, Principality of Abkhazia, Principality of Guria, Septinsular Republic.

Read the history of 1815

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1815?

The map data draws 56 states and other polities in Europe in 1815. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of France (Bourbon Restoration).

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1815?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 17.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1815 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1815, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1815