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Historical map · 1200

Map of Europe in 1200

In 1200, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 80 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire and the Almohad Caliphate. Kimek-Kipchak confederation reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 2.9 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1200. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1200 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1200
Atlas map: The Fourth Crusade — The Wrong Ending (1204)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE CRUSADES, CHAPTER 8: THE FOURTH CRUSADE — THE WRONG ENDING (1204)

States and empires in Europe in 1200

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Kievan Rus' Wikipedia1.2 million km²1.2 million km²880–1240
Holy Roman Empire Wikipedia877,000 km²1.8 million km²922–1806
Almohad Caliphate Wikipedia609,000 km²925,000 km²1139–1343
Novgorod Republic Wikipedia539,000 km²539,000 km²1056–1481
Kimek-Kipchak confederation Wikipedia435,000 km²2.9 million km²750–1235
Byzantine Empire Wikipedia431,000 km²431,000 km²633–1474
Kingdom of England Wikipedia422,000 km²422,000 km²936–1708
Angevin Empire Wikipedia422,000 km²422,000 km²1147–1209
Ayyubid Sultanate Wikipedia419,000 km²2.0 million km²1177–1249
Halych-Volhynia occupation Wikipedia407,000 km²407,000 km²1056–1351
Kingdom of Hungary Wikipedia334,000 km²334,000 km²1000–1546
Old Kingdom of Norway Wikipedia309,000 km²309,000 km²866–1401
Sultanate of Rum Wikipedia258,000 km²258,000 km²1094–1313
Principality of Rostov-Suzdal Wikipedia231,000 km²244,000 km²1056–1486
Duchies of Poland Wikipedia224,000 km²224,000 km²1139–1304
Principality of Chernigov Wikipedia200,000 km²200,000 km²1056–1240
Kingdom of France Wikipedia185,000 km²222,000 km²990–1848
Principality of Smolensk Wikipedia150,000 km²150,000 km²1056–1406
Kingdom of Sweden Wikipedia145,000 km²145,000 km²980–2024
Duchy of Sandomierz Wikipedia142,000 km²142,000 km²1139–1304
Second Bulgarian Empire Wikipedia138,000 km²138,000 km²1188–1394
Kingdom of Denmark Wikipedia137,000 km²275,000 km²936–1406
Kingdom of León Wikipedia127,000 km²127,000 km²911–1235
Icelandic Commonwealth Wikipedia111,000 km²111,000 km²936–1271
Kingdom of Castile Wikipedia106,000 km²106,000 km²961–1235
Principality of Halych Wikipedia106,000 km²106,000 km²1147–1201
Principality of Pereyaslavl Wikipedia95,000 km²95,000 km²1056–1240
Kingdom of Sicily Wikipedia92,000 km²92,000 km²1139–1384
Kingdom of Georgia Wikipedia89,000 km²144,000 km²1010–1802
Principality of Volhynia Wikipedia82,000 km²82,000 km²1056–1201
Principality of Kiev Wikipedia78,000 km²78,000 km²1056–1240
Hamdanid Emirates Wikipedia72,000 km²79,000 km²936–1259
Principality of Turov and Pinsk Wikipedia69,000 km²69,000 km²1188–1325
Great Seljuk Empire Wikipedia66,000 km²989,000 km²1040–1201
Principality of Ryazan Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²1094–1520
Crown of Aragon Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²1169–1515
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia62,000 km²62,000 km²1147–1911
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Wikipedia60,000 km²60,000 km²1099–1374
Kingdom of Alba Wikipedia59,000 km²59,000 km²900–1293
County of Toulouse Wikipedia53,000 km²53,000 km²990–1249

Also on the map: Principality of Minsk, Kingdom of Serbia, Duchy of Silesia, Duchy of Greater Poland, Banate of Bosnia, County of Champagne, Republic of Pisa, Principality of Jersika, Kingdom of Navarre, Viking settlements, Kingdom of Arles, Principality of Drutsk, County of Vermandois, Brythonic Kingdoms, Papal States, County of Nevers, Kingdom of Cyprus, County of Flanders, County of Berga, Giudicato of Logudoro, County of Blôis, Republic of Venice, Almoravid Dynasty, Duchy of Kuyavia, Duchy of Opole, Kingdom of Mann, Kingdom of Gwynedd, Principality of Antioch, County of Urgell, Giudicato of Gallura, Republic of Genoa, Giudicato of Arborea, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Kingdom of Powys Wenwynwyn, County of Pallars Sobirà, Principality of Koknese, Kingdom of Powys Fadog, County of Ampuria, County of Boulogne.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1100

New on the map: Almohad Caliphate, Angevin Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, Duchies of Poland, Duchy of Sandomierz, Second Bulgarian Empire, Kingdom of León, Principality of Halych, Kingdom of Sicily, Principality of Turov and Pinsk, Crown of Aragon, Kingdom of Portugal, Principality of Minsk, Kingdom of Serbia, Duchy of Silesia, Duchy of Greater Poland, Banate of Bosnia, Principality of Jersika, Kingdom of Navarre, Principality of Drutsk, Kingdom of Cyprus, Duchy of Kuyavia, Duchy of Opole, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli, Kingdom of Powys Wenwynwyn, Principality of Koknese, Kingdom of Powys Fadog, County of Boulogne.

Gone from the map: Allegiance of Duchy of Aquitaine to Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Poland, Norman England, Principality of Polotsky, Norman Italy, Danishmendids, Principality of Terebovlia, Taifas of Iberia, Principality of Peremyshl, Duchy of Brittany, Hammadid Dynasty, Zirid dynasty, Taifa of Zaragoza, Jaemtland, Kingdom of Aragon, Taifa of Dénia, Grand Principality of Serbia, County of Edessa, County of Maine, County of Anjou, Giudicato of Cagliari, Kingdom of Duklja, Taifa of Albarracín, County of Barcelona, Taifa of Tortosa, Kingdom of Powys, County of Rosellón, Taifa of Alpuente, County of Pallars Jussà, County of Osona and others.

What comes next: 1300

Appear by 1300: Allegiance of Golden Horde to Yuan Dynasty, Allegiance of Ilkhanate to Yuan Dynasty, Crown of Castile, Hafsid Dynasty, Mamluk Sultanate, Zayyanid dynasty, Teutonic Order, Kingdom of Bohemia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Naples, House of Habsburg, Capetian House of Anjou, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Duchy of Brittany, Duchy of Bavaria, Duchy of Masovia, Emirate of Granada, House of Ascania, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Syrmia, Pskov Republic, Despotate of Epirus, County of Auvergne, House of Wittelsbach, County of Savoy, Empire of Trebizond, Principality of Achaea, Thessaly, Duchy of Brabant and others.

Gone by 1300: Kievan Rus', Kimek-Kipchak confederation, Angevin Empire, Ayyubid Sultanate, Sultanate of Rum, Principality of Chernigov, Kingdom of León, Icelandic Commonwealth, Kingdom of Castile, Principality of Halych, Principality of Pereyaslavl, Kingdom of Sicily, Kingdom of Georgia, Principality of Volhynia, Principality of Kiev, Hamdanid Emirates, Great Seljuk Empire, Principality of Ryazan, Kingdom of Alba, County of Toulouse, County of Champagne, Principality of Jersika, Kingdom of Navarre, Principality of Drutsk, County of Vermandois, Brythonic Kingdoms, County of Berga, Giudicato of Logudoro, Almoravid Dynasty, Duchy of Kuyavia and others.

Read the history of 1200

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1200?

The map data draws 80 states and other polities in Europe in 1200. The largest by land were Kievan Rus', the Holy Roman Empire, the Almohad Caliphate, the Novgorod Republic and Kimek-Kipchak confederation.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1200?

Of the states on this map, Kimek-Kipchak confederation held the most land in total: about 2.9 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1200 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1200, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1200