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Historical map · 1750

Map of Europe in 1750

In 1750, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 48 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Swedish Empire. The Russian Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 15.0 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1750. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1750 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1750
Atlas map: Why Britain? (1750)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, CHAPTER 1: WHY BRITAIN? (1750)

States and empires in Europe in 1750

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia1.7 million km²15.0 million km²1721–1916
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia1.6 million km²2.9 million km²1305–1923
Swedish Empire Wikipedia785,000 km²785,000 km²1612–1814
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Wikipedia761,000 km²761,000 km²1572–1793
Spanish Empire Wikipedia595,000 km²14.8 million km²1516–1931
Kingdom of Spain Wikipedia593,000 km²593,000 km²1516–2024
Habsburg Monarchy Wikipedia573,000 km²1.1 million km²1459–1805
Denmark Wikipedia525,000 km²526,000 km²1046–1940
Kingdom of France Wikipedia518,000 km²1.3 million km²990–1848
British Empire Wikipedia341,000 km²1.8 million km²1706–1999
United Kingdom Wikipedia340,000 km²340,000 km²1709–2024
Regency of Algiers Wikipedia211,000 km²211,000 km²1706–1845
Holy Roman Empire Minor States Wikipedia188,000 km²377,000 km²922–1806
Kingdom of Prussia Wikipedia171,000 km²171,000 km²1702–1863
Morocco Wikipedia124,000 km²386,000 km²1670–2024
Astrakhan Khanate Wikipedia123,000 km²124,000 km²1468–1768
Crimean Khanate Wikipedia121,000 km²121,000 km²1450–1782
Zaporozhian Cossacks Wikipedia120,000 km²120,000 km²1662–1774
Kalmyk Khanate Wikipedia115,000 km²175,000 km²1632–1771
Sloboda Ukraine Wikipedia98,000 km²98,000 km²1670–1768
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia92,000 km²3.5 million km²1502–1910
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia92,000 km²96,000 km²1147–1911
Principality of Moldavia Wikipedia81,000 km²81,000 km²1363–1858
Beylik of Tunis Wikipedia79,000 km²79,000 km²1706–1884
Kingdom of Sardinia Wikipedia78,000 km²78,000 km²1721–1861
Principality of Wallachia Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²1314–1858
Duchy of Bavaria Wikipedia46,000 km²46,000 km²1260–1805
Republic of Venice Wikipedia45,000 km²45,000 km²705–1796
Swiss Confederation Wikipedia44,000 km²44,000 km²1294–2024
Papal States Wikipedia42,000 km²42,000 km²755–1870
Dutch Republic Wikipedia37,000 km²750,000 km²1582–1795
Electorate of Hanover Wikipedia30,000 km²30,000 km²1709–1802
Duchy of Courland Wikipedia28,000 km²28,000 km²1734–1793
Kingdom of Georgia Wikipedia26,000 km²31,000 km²1010–1802
Duchy of Lorraine Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²1431–1768
Afsharid Iran Wikipedia15,000 km²1.7 million km²1734–1756
Republic of Genoa Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²1010–1795
Kingdom of Imereti Wikipedia11,000 km²11,000 km²1468–1810
Khanates of the Caucasus Wikipedia11,000 km²88,000 km²1748–1796
Principality of Abkhazia Wikipedia8,700 km²8,700 km²1468–1829

Also on the map: Karamanli Dynasty, Principality of Mingrelia, Principality of Guria, Principality of Svaneti, Kingdom of Kakheti, Comtat Venaissin, Republic of Ragusa, County of Urgell.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1700

New on the map: Russian Empire, British Empire, United Kingdom, Regency of Algiers, Kingdom of Prussia, Beylik of Tunis, Kingdom of Sardinia, Electorate of Hanover, Duchy of Courland, Kingdom of Georgia, Afsharid Iran, Khanates of the Caucasus, Karamanli Dynasty, Principality of Svaneti, Kingdom of Kakheti.

Gone from the map: Tsardom of Russia, Kingdom of England, Brandenburg-Prussia, Small Horde, House of Savoy, Safavid Dynasty, Republic of Florence, Kingdom of Kartli.

What comes next: 1776

Appear by 1776: Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic), Electorate of Saxony, Zand Dynasty.

Gone by 1776: Astrakhan Khanate, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Kalmyk Khanate, Sloboda Ukraine, Duchy of Lorraine, Afsharid Iran, Kingdom of Kakheti.

Read the history of 1750

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1750?

The map data draws 48 states and other polities in Europe in 1750. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Swedish Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Spanish Empire.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1750?

Of the states on this map, the Russian Empire held the most land in total: about 15.0 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1750 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1750, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1750