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Historical map · 323 BC

Map of Europe in 323 BC

In 323 BC, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 13 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Macedonian Empire, Scythia and Carthage. The Macedonian Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 9.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 323 BC. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 323 BC ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 323 BC

States and empires in Europe in 323 BC

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Macedonian Empire Wikipedia811,000 km²9.6 million km²675 BC–292 BC
Scythia Wikipedia365,000 km²365,000 km²650 BC–224 BC
Carthage Wikipedia178,000 km²199,000 km²650 BC–145 BC
Kingdom of Armenia Wikipedia173,000 km²242,000 km²326 BC–AD 646
Kingdom of Lysimachus Wikipedia151,000 km²151,000 km²323 BC–282 BC
Greek City-States Wikipedia134,000 km²134,000 km²800 BC–AD 83
Laomedon Wikipedia83,000 km²122,000 km²323 BC–319 BC
Etruscans Wikipedia32,000 km²32,000 km²750 BC–265 BC
Athenian Coalition Wikipedia23,000 km²23,000 km²323 BC–257 BC
Kingdom of Bithynia Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²333 BC–67 BC
Roman Republic10,000 km²10,000 km²500 BC–32 BC
Cimmerian Bosporus Wikipedia6,610 km²6,610 km²404 BC–AD 372
Perdiccas Wikipedia510 km²117,000 km²323 BC–319 BC

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 500 BC

New on the map: Kingdom of Armenia, Kingdom of Lysimachus, Laomedon, Athenian Coalition, Kingdom of Bithynia, Roman Republic, Cimmerian Bosporus, Perdiccas.

Gone from the map: Achaemenid Empire, Peloponnesian League, Roman Kingdom.

What comes next: 200 BC

Appear by 200 BC: Allegiance of Seleucid Empire to Roman Republic, Antigonid Macedonia, Kingdom of Pontus, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Kingdom of Cappadocia, Mauretania, Galatia, Kingdom of Pergamon, Paphlagonia, Kingdom of Sophene, Achaean League, Aetolian League.

Gone by 200 BC: Macedonian Empire, Scythia, Kingdom of Armenia, Kingdom of Lysimachus, Laomedon, Etruscans, Athenian Coalition, Perdiccas.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 323 BC?

The map data draws 13 states and other polities in Europe in 323 BC. The largest by land were the Macedonian Empire, Scythia, Carthage, the Kingdom of Armenia and the Kingdom of Lysimachus.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 323 BC?

Of the states on this map, the Macedonian Empire held the most land in total: about 9.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 323 BC interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 323 BC, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 323 BC