Historical map · 2000

Map of Europe in 2000

In 2000, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 58 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and Ukraine. The Russian Federation reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 33.6 million km².

States and empires in Europe in 2000

Also on the map: Republic of Albania, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Armenia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kosovo (UN administration), Lebanon, Republic of Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognised only by Turkey), Transnistria (unrecognised breakaway state), Luxembourg, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Chechnya (Second Chechen War), South Ossetia (unrecognised breakaway state), State of Israel, Malta, Republic of Azerbaijan, Principality of Andorra.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1990

New on the map: Russian Federation, Ukraine, Federal Republic of Germany, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Bulgaria, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Czech Republic, Republic of Latvia, Georgia, Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovakia, Republic of Estonia, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Albania, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Armenia, Kosovo (UN administration), Transnistria (unrecognised breakaway state), Chechnya (Second Chechen War), South Ossetia (unrecognised breakaway state), Republic of Azerbaijan.

Gone from the map: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, British Empire, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Germany, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, People's Republic of Bulgaria, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, West Berlin.

What comes next: 2010

Appear by 2010: Republic of Serbia, Montenegro, United States of America.

Gone by 2010: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Chechnya (Second Chechen War).

Read the history of 2000

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

• 
  Two Transitions ComparedRemaking the State · chapter 12 · 2000
• 
  A State at War with ItselfRemaking the State · chapter 11 · 1996
• 
  Shock TherapyRemaking the State · chapter 10 · 1993
• 
  The End — and the ArgumentsThe Cold War · chapter 12 · DEC 1991

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

• 1500 BC
• 1000 BC
• 750 BC
• 500 BC
• 323 BC
• 200 BC
• 100 BC
• AD 1
• 100
• 200
• 300
• 400
• 500
• 600
• 700
• 800
• 900
• 1000
• 1100
• 1200
• 1300
• 1400
• 1444
• 1453
• 1492
• 1500
• 1550
• 1600
• 1648
• 1700
• 1750
• 1776
• 1789
• 1800
• 1815
• 1830
• 1850
• 1871
• 1880
• 1900
• 1910
• 1914
• 1918
• 1920
• 1930
• 1938
• 1939
• 1940
• 1942
• 1945
• 1950
• 1960
• 1970
• 1980
• 1990
• 2000
• 2010
• 2020

Other regions in 2000

• World
• Middle East
• Asia
• Africa
• India
• China
• North America
• South America