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Historical map · 500 BC

Map of Europe in 500 BC

In 500 BC, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 8 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Achaemenid Empire, Scythia and the Greek City-States. The Achaemenid Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 5.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 500 BC. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 500 BC ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 500 BC

States and empires in Europe in 500 BC

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Achaemenid Empire Wikipedia1.1 million km²5.6 million km²550 BC–327 BC
Scythia Wikipedia629,000 km²643,000 km²650 BC–224 BC
Greek City-States Wikipedia146,000 km²146,000 km²800 BC–AD 83
Carthage Wikipedia104,000 km²125,000 km²650 BC–145 BC
Etruscans Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²750 BC–265 BC
Macedonian Empire Wikipedia29,000 km²57,000 km²675 BC–292 BC
Peloponnesian League Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²550 BC–338 BC
Roman Kingdom Wikipedia860 km²860 km²750 BC–481 BC

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 750 BC

New on the map: Achaemenid Empire, Scythia, Carthage, Macedonian Empire, Peloponnesian League.

Gone from the map: Neo-Assyrian Empire, Kingdom of Urartu, Phrygia, Tabal Kingdom, Phoenician Empire, Kingdom of Israel.

What comes next: 323 BC

Appear by 323 BC: Kingdom of Armenia, Kingdom of Lysimachus, Laomedon, Athenian Coalition, Kingdom of Bithynia, Roman Republic, Cimmerian Bosporus, Perdiccas.

Gone by 323 BC: Achaemenid Empire, Peloponnesian League, Roman Kingdom.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 500 BC?

The map data draws 8 states and other polities in Europe in 500 BC. The largest by land were the Achaemenid Empire, Scythia, the Greek City-States, Carthage and Etruscans.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 500 BC?

Of the states on this map, the Achaemenid Empire held the most land in total: about 5.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 500 BC interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 500 BC, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 500 BC