Skip to content
Maps of History Start free

Historical map · 700

Map of Europe in 700

In 700, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 34 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria, the Umayyad Caliphate and the Visigothic Kingdom. The Umayyad Caliphate reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 8.6 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 700. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 700 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 700

States and empires in Europe in 700

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria Wikipedia1.4 million km²2.6 million km²633–1474
Umayyad Caliphate Wikipedia1.1 million km²8.6 million km²656–756
Visigothic Kingdom Wikipedia578,000 km²578,000 km²426–723
Khazaria Wikipedia477,000 km²750,000 km²630–979
Merovingian Empire Wikipedia452,000 km²1.4 million km²462–989
Scandinavian minor kingdoms Wikipedia380,000 km²380,000 km²500–799
Avar Khaganate Wikipedia238,000 km²238,000 km²561–805
Aquitaine205,000 km²205,000 km²629–895
Kingdom of Italy Wikipedia179,000 km²179,000 km²587–1946
First Bulgarian Empire Wikipedia173,000 km²173,000 km²682–1017
Anglo-Saxon England Wikipedia128,000 km²128,000 km²441–935
Saxons Wikipedia82,000 km²82,000 km²283–799
Bavarians Wikipedia76,000 km²76,000 km²540–787
Brythonic Kingdoms Wikipedia57,000 km²71,000 km²439–1284
Frisia Kingdom Wikipedia57,000 km²57,000 km²612–787
Carantania Wikipedia45,000 km²45,000 km²661–749
Kingdom of Mercia Wikipedia45,000 km²45,000 km²534–925
Kingdom of Northumbria Wikipedia44,000 km²44,000 km²612–935
Duchy of Thuringia Wikipedia40,000 km²40,000 km²567–723
Principality of Iberia Wikipedia31,000 km²35,000 km²682–740
Kingdom of Wessex Wikipedia26,000 km²26,000 km²534–935
Breton Kingdoms Wikipedia24,000 km²24,000 km²587–824
Kingdom of Lazica Wikipedia23,000 km²23,000 km²63 BC–AD 777
Magna Frisia Wikipedia22,000 km²22,000 km²602–771
Dál Riata Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²540–899
Dumnonia Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²602–709
Kingdom of East Anglia Wikipedia12,000 km²12,000 km²534–869
Strathclyde11,000 km²11,000 km²644–1033
Cyprus Condominium11,000 km²11,000 km²692–959
Kingdom of Gwynedd Wikipedia7,950 km²7,950 km²540–1284
Kingdom of Powys Wikipedia5,760 km²5,760 km²540–1168
Kingdom of Brycheiniog Wikipedia1,960 km²1,960 km²540–1084
Kingdom of Morgannwg Wikipedia1,500 km²1,500 km²540–1055
Kingdom of Gwent Wikipedia1,390 km²1,390 km²540–1055

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 600

New on the map: Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria, Umayyad Caliphate, Khazaria, Aquitaine, First Bulgarian Empire, Frisia Kingdom, Carantania, Kingdom of Northumbria, Principality of Iberia, Kingdom of Lazica, Magna Frisia, Dumnonia, Strathclyde, Cyprus Condominium.

Gone from the map: Eastern Roman Empire, Sasanian Empire, Ghassanids, Kingdom of Deira, Kingdom of Rheged, Kingdom of Bernicia, Kingdom of Sussex, Hwicce, Kingdom of Kent, Kingdom of Essex, Kingdom of Lindsey, Kingdom of Dunoting, Lakhmid Kingdom, Wihtgar.

What comes next: 800

Appear by 800: Abbasid Caliphate, Emirate of Córdoba, Scandinavian minor kingdoms, Rustamid dynasty, Aghlabid Dynasty, Idrisids, Kingdom of Asturias, Duchy of Benevento, Georgia, Principality of Serbia, Duchy of Croatia, Duchy of Gascony, Papal States, Viking settlements, Obotrites, Emirate of Nekor, Barghawata Conference, Cornwall, Republic of Venice, Duchy of Naples.

Gone by 800: Umayyad Caliphate, Visigothic Kingdom, Scandinavian minor kingdoms, Aquitaine, Kingdom of Italy, Saxons, Bavarians, Frisia Kingdom, Carantania, Duchy of Thuringia, Principality of Iberia, Kingdom of Wessex, Kingdom of Lazica, Magna Frisia, Dumnonia, Kingdom of East Anglia.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 700?

The map data draws 34 states and other polities in Europe in 700. The largest by land were the Alliance between Byzantine Empire and Khazaria, the Umayyad Caliphate, the Visigothic Kingdom, Khazaria and the Merovingian Empire.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 700?

Of the states on this map, the Umayyad Caliphate held the most land in total: about 8.6 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 700 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 700, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 700