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Historical map · 1700

Map of Europe in 1700

In 1700, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 41 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire. The Spanish Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 14.5 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1700. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1700 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1700

States and empires in Europe in 1700

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia1.9 million km²3.4 million km²1305–1923
Tsardom of Russia Wikipedia1.6 million km²13.6 million km²1547–1720
Swedish Empire Wikipedia914,000 km²914,000 km²1612–1814
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Wikipedia788,000 km²788,000 km²1572–1793
Spanish Empire Wikipedia658,000 km²14.5 million km²1516–1931
Kingdom of Spain Wikipedia657,000 km²657,000 km²1516–2024
Habsburg Monarchy Wikipedia526,000 km²1.1 million km²1459–1805
Kingdom of France Wikipedia522,000 km²1.2 million km²990–1848
Denmark Wikipedia517,000 km²518,000 km²1046–1940
Kingdom of England Wikipedia340,000 km²902,000 km²936–1708
Holy Roman Empire Minor States Wikipedia238,000 km²476,000 km²922–1806
Morocco Wikipedia124,000 km²385,000 km²1670–2024
Astrakhan Khanate Wikipedia123,000 km²124,000 km²1468–1768
Brandenburg-Prussia Wikipedia123,000 km²124,000 km²1619–1720
Zaporozhian Cossacks Wikipedia120,000 km²120,000 km²1662–1774
Kalmyk Khanate Wikipedia102,000 km²163,000 km²1632–1771
Sloboda Ukraine Wikipedia98,000 km²98,000 km²1670–1768
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia92,000 km²2.4 million km²1502–1910
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia92,000 km²101,000 km²1147–1911
Small Horde Wikipedia83,000 km²83,000 km²1450–1737
Principality of Moldavia Wikipedia81,000 km²81,000 km²1363–1858
Principality of Wallachia Wikipedia74,000 km²74,000 km²1314–1858
Republic of Venice Wikipedia65,000 km²65,000 km²705–1796
Crimean Khanate Wikipedia59,000 km²59,000 km²1450–1782
Duchy of Bavaria Wikipedia46,000 km²46,000 km²1260–1805
Swiss Confederation Wikipedia44,000 km²44,000 km²1294–2024
Papal States Wikipedia42,000 km²42,000 km²755–1870
House of Savoy Wikipedia41,000 km²41,000 km²1564–1720
Safavid Dynasty Wikipedia38,000 km²2.6 million km²1502–1737
Dutch Republic Wikipedia37,000 km²602,000 km²1582–1795
Republic of Florence Wikipedia20,000 km²20,000 km²1260–1737
Duchy of Lorraine Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²1431–1768
Kingdom of Kartli Wikipedia15,000 km²15,000 km²1463–1705
Republic of Genoa Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²1010–1795
Kingdom of Imereti Wikipedia11,000 km²11,000 km²1468–1810
Principality of Abkhazia Wikipedia10,000 km²10,000 km²1468–1829
Principality of Mingrelia Wikipedia8,290 km²8,290 km²1468–1810
Principality of Guria Wikipedia4,650 km²4,650 km²1468–1829
Comtat Venaissin Wikipedia2,320 km²2,320 km²1272–1790
Republic of Ragusa Wikipedia1,540 km²1,540 km²1385–1808

Also on the map: County of Urgell.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1648

New on the map: Morocco, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Sloboda Ukraine.

Gone from the map: Commonwealth of England, Saadi Sultanate, Principality of Transylvania, Irish Catholic Confederation, Electorate of Saxony.

What comes next: 1750

Appear by 1750: Russian Empire, British Empire, United Kingdom, Regency of Algiers, Kingdom of Prussia, Beylik of Tunis, Kingdom of Sardinia, Electorate of Hanover, Duchy of Courland, Kingdom of Georgia, Afsharid Iran, Khanates of the Caucasus, Karamanli Dynasty, Principality of Svaneti, Kingdom of Kakheti.

Gone by 1750: Tsardom of Russia, Kingdom of England, Brandenburg-Prussia, Small Horde, House of Savoy, Safavid Dynasty, Republic of Florence, Kingdom of Kartli.

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1700?

The map data draws 41 states and other polities in Europe in 1700. The largest by land were the Ottoman Empire, Tsardom of Russia, the Swedish Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Spanish Empire.

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1700?

Of the states on this map, the Spanish Empire held the most land in total: about 14.5 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1700 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1700, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1700