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Historical map · 1830

Map of Europe in 1830

In 1830, the historical border data behind our interactive map draws 57 states, empires and other polities in Europe. By the land they held inside this region, the largest were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. The Russian Empire reached well beyond Europe: its whole territory measured about 17.5 million km².

See this map live. The interactive map opens on Europe in 1830. Zoom in, move the year slider to watch the borders change, or ask the history guide a question and it draws the answer on the map.

OPEN 1830 ON THE MAP →Ask the history guide about 1830
Atlas map: The Age of Restoration (Aug 1830)
FROM THE ATLAS · THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS, CHAPTER 11: THE AGE OF RESTORATION (AUG 1830)

States and empires in Europe in 1830

StateIn this regionWhole stateIn the data
Russian Empire Wikipedia3.3 million km²17.5 million km²1721–1916
Ottoman Empire Wikipedia1.5 million km²2.1 million km²1305–1923
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway Wikipedia798,000 km²799,000 km²1815–1904
Austrian Empire Wikipedia690,000 km²690,000 km²1806–1867
Kingdom of France (July Monarchy) Wikipedia539,000 km²1.3 million km²990–1848
Spanish Empire Wikipedia495,000 km²1.5 million km²1516–1931
Kingdom of Spain Wikipedia495,000 km²495,000 km²1516–2024
United Kingdom Wikipedia382,000 km²382,000 km²1709–2024
British Empire Wikipedia382,000 km²9.4 million km²1706–1999
German Confederation Wikipedia281,000 km²281,000 km²1815–1867
Regency of Algiers Wikipedia208,000 km²208,000 km²1706–1845
Denmark Wikipedia180,000 km²180,000 km²1046–1940
Morocco Wikipedia124,000 km²388,000 km²1670–2024
Polish insurgents (November Uprising)113,000 km²113,000 km²1830–1833
Kingdom of Portugal Wikipedia92,000 km²190,000 km²1147–1911
Portuguese Empire Wikipedia92,000 km²244,000 km²1502–1910
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Wikipedia91,000 km²91,000 km²1815–1860
Beylik of Tunis Wikipedia85,000 km²88,000 km²1706–1884
Kingdom of Sardinia Wikipedia78,000 km²78,000 km²1721–1861
Kingdom of Bavaria Wikipedia76,000 km²76,000 km²1806–1870
Netherlands Wikipedia46,000 km²558,000 km²1811–2024
Greece Wikipedia45,000 km²45,000 km²1822–1940
Serbia Wikipedia41,000 km²41,000 km²1805–1915
Swiss Confederation Wikipedia40,000 km²40,000 km²1294–2024
Papal States Wikipedia39,000 km²39,000 km²755–1870
Kingdom of Belgium Wikipedia25,000 km²25,000 km²1830–2024
Kingdom of Saxony Wikipedia18,000 km²18,000 km²1806–1870
Kingdom of Württemberg Wikipedia17,000 km²17,000 km²1806–1870
Qajar Iran Wikipedia15,000 km²1.6 million km²1788–1923
Grand Duchy of Baden Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²1806–1870
Electorate of Hesse Wikipedia14,000 km²14,000 km²1803–1867
Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg11,000 km²11,000 km²1815–1870
Grand Duchy of Hesse Wikipedia11,000 km²11,000 km²1806–1870
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Wikipedia7,440 km²7,440 km²1815–1859
Duchy of Modena and Reggio Wikipedia6,800 km²6,800 km²1815–1859
Duchy of Nassau Wikipedia5,730 km²5,730 km²1806–1865
Duchy of Oldenburg Wikipedia4,880 km²4,880 km²1806–1870
Caucasian Imamate Wikipedia4,730 km²38,000 km²1828–1858
Duchy of Brunswick Wikipedia4,710 km²4,710 km²1814–1870
French Algeria Wikipedia4,230 km²4,230 km²1830–1847

Also on the map: Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Free City of Lübeck, Principality of Svaneti, Principality of Reuss-Gera, Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy of Anhalt, Free City of Krakow, Free City of Hamburg, Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Principality of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen, Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Principality of Lippe, Kingdom of Prussia, Free City of Bremen, Principality of Andorra.

"In the data" gives the first and last year the dataset draws the state under this identity; states often existed earlier or later in another form.

What changed since 1815

New on the map: Polish insurgents (November Uprising), Greece, Kingdom of Belgium, Kingdom of Saxony, Caucasian Imamate, French Algeria, Saxe-Meiningen, Principality of Schwarzburg-Sonderhausen.

Gone from the map: Company rule in India (British East India Company), Principality of Wallachia, Principality of Moldavia, Grand Duchy of Berg, Principality of Abkhazia, Principality of Guria, Septinsular Republic.

What comes next: 1850

Appear by 1850: French Second Republic, Kingdom of Hungary (Austrian rule), French Africa, Kingdom of Hanover, Duchy of Holstein.

Gone by 1850: Kingdom of France (July Monarchy), Regency of Algiers, Polish insurgents (November Uprising), French Algeria, Principality of Svaneti, Free City of Krakow, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Kingdom of Prussia.

Read the history of 1830

Guided atlas chapters set near this date, each with its own map, causes and consequences:

Questions about this map

Which countries were in Europe in 1830?

The map data draws 57 states and other polities in Europe in 1830. The largest by land were the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of France (July Monarchy).

What was the largest empire in Europe in 1830?

Of the states on this map, the Russian Empire held the most land in total: about 17.5 million km² in the reconstruction used here. Ancient and frontier borders are approximate, so treat areas as estimates.

Can I explore Europe in 1830 interactively?

Yes. Open the interactive map at 1830, zoom into any region, move through the years, and ask the history guide questions: it answers in plain words and draws places, armies and borders on the map.

About these borders

The borders come from Cliopatria (v0.2.1, Seshat Global History Databank, CC BY 4.0), the dataset behind our interactive map, with our audited name and border corrections. It records each state's territory year by year from 3400 BC to 2024. Borders before modern surveys are reconstructions: the data draws a state where it held control, and frontier zones, nomadic realms and loose overlordships are approximate. Areas are measured on an equal-area projection. Read how we make our maps.

Europe in other years

Other regions in 1830